ATI LPN
Respiratory System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Squamous cell lung carcinoma (old paper)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) is closely correlated with smoking (B), with 95% in smokers. Choice A is false; 5-year survival is 15%. Choice C is incorrect; it's hilar (1st/2nd order bronchi), not peripheral. Choice D is wrong; it's commoner in males. Choice E (late metastasis) is true. Page 759 details B's link smoking-induced metaplasia drives SCC, distinguishing it over A's survival or C's location error.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is caused by infections by bread molds?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mucormycosis, caused by Mucorales (e.g., Rhizopus), bread molds, is a rare, aggressive fungal infection, often in diabetics or immunocompromised, invading blood vessels and lungs from inhaled spores. Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides) is dimorphic, not mold-only, tied to soil. Cryptococcosis (Cryptococcus neoformans) involves yeast from bird droppings, not bread molds. Pneumocystis pneumonia (Pneumocystis jirovecii) is a distinct fungus, not mold-related, affecting AIDS patients. Mucormycosis's rapid tissue destruction contrasts with others' slower progression, requiring urgent antifungals and surgery, distinguishing its mold etiology in respiratory and systemic fungal threats.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a pregnant woman new to the clinic. Which question will uncover whether the client has the highest risk for developing pneumonia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Does anyone smoke in the house?' (C) identifies the highest pneumonia risk in pregnancy secondhand smoke impairs ciliary clearance, increasing infection odds (RR ≈1.5). Immunizations (A) matter, but smoking's direct effect trumps. Asthma (B) raises risk, but smoking's environmental impact is broader. Medical conditions (D) are vague versus C's specificity. The document's answer (C) aligns smoke exposure during pregnancy heightens S. pneumoniae risk, distinguishing it from A's prevention or D's generality.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is evaluating the goals for a client with atypical pneumonia. Which finding indicates that an outcome has been successfully met?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Uninterrupted sleep (A) indicates a met outcome in atypical pneumonia (e.g., Mycoplasma) rest reflects reduced dyspnea/fever. Splinting (B) is ongoing, not a resolution marker. Normal temperature (C) is partial success. Oâ‚‚ need (D) suggests unresolved hypoxemia. The document's answer (A) fits sleep improvement (e.g., 6-8 hours) signals recovery from fatigue, distinguishing it from D's dependency.
Question 5 of 5
The maximum volume of air contained in the lung by a full forced inhalation is called _________.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Total lung capacity (TLC) is the maximum air volume the lungs hold after a full forced inhalation, about 6 liters in adults, encompassing all lung volumes (tidal, inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, and residual). Tidal volume is normal breathing (~500 mL), not maximum. Vital capacity is maximal inhalable/exhalable air (~4.8 L), excluding residual volume, less than TLC. Ventilation rate is breaths per minute, not volume. TLC reflects lung health reduced in restrictive diseases like fibrosis measuring total potential, critical in pulmonary function tests to assess capacity and guide respiratory therapy.