ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Silicosis is caused by dust of:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Silicosis stems from silica dust (D) crystalline silicon dioxide from quartz or sand in mining, quarrying. Inhaled particles trigger macrophage activation, fibrosis, forming silicotic nodules. Coal (A) causes pneumoconiosis, not silicosis carbon-based. Silicates (B) are related but less fibrogenic. Iron (C) links to siderosis, benign. Beryllium causes berylliosis, distinct granulomas. Silica's unique pathogenicity scars lungs, reducing compliance, key in occupational lung disease diagnosis (e.g., CT showing nodules), guiding prevention like ventilation controls in at-risk workers.
Question 2 of 5
Match the following: 665. Aspiration pneumonia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aspiration pneumonia ties to debilitation in elderly (C) impaired swallow (e.g., stroke) aspirates oropharyngeal bacteria (e.g., anaerobes), causing right lower lobe infection. Collaterals (A) are SVCS. Tracheal perforation (B) is mechanical. Elderly risk altered consciousness, dysphagia is key, guiding antibiotics and swallow therapy in nursing care.
Question 3 of 5
Match the following: 681. Cytoxan
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), an alkylating agent, causes cystitis, alopecia (D) metabolite acrolein irritates bladder (hemorrhagic cystitis), hair loss is common. Myelosuppression (A) fits methotrexate. Protein defects (B) are asparaginase. Neuropathy (C) is vincristine. Psychosis is prednisone. Cytoxan's bladder risk is key in nursing for hydration and mesna prophylaxis.
Question 4 of 5
In sickle cell anemia. The sedimentation rate is characteristically:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sickle cell anemia's sedimentation rate is diminished (C) sickled RBCs (HbS) resist stacking (rouleaux), slowing ESR (e.g., <10 mm/hr) despite inflammation. Unchanged (A) or accelerated (B) fits normal RBCs. Variable (D) lacks specificity. None' dismisses. Low ESR, despite crises, is key in nursing for distinguishing from other anemias.
Question 5 of 5
Heavy chain (gamma G) disease is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Heavy chain disease (gamma G) a plasma cell dyscrasia (B) overproduces IgG heavy chains (e.g., Franklin's disease), causing lymphadenopathy, unlike Hodgkin's (A lymphoma). Thrombocytopenia (C) or hypersensitivity (D) don't fit marrow-based. None' denies. Dyscrasia's monoclonal protein is key, guiding nursing for electrophoresis and immunosuppression.