ATI LPN
Introduction of Respiratory System NCLEX Questions PN Questions
Question 1 of 5
Silicosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Silica-induced fibrosis is less pronounced when mixed with other minerals (D), diluting its effect. Choice A is false; silicosis is the most prevalent pneumoconiosis. Choice B is incorrect; crystalline quartz is more fibrogenic than amorphous silica. Choice C is wrong; silica activates macrophages to release mediators (e.g., IL-1), not destroys them. Choice E (late detection) is true. Page 735 notes D's modification mixed dust (e.g., with coal) reduces nodule formation, contrasting with A's prevalence or B's form error.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is NOT a complication of pneumonia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Suppurative arthritis (D) is not a typical pneumonia complication; dissemination targets heart, brain, or kidneys, not joints. Choice A (abscess) occurs with Klebsiella/type 3 pneumococci. Choice B (empyema) is pus in pleura. Choice C (organization) solidifies lung tissue. Choice E (metaplasia) is a response, not complication. Page 750 lists A-C as direct sequelae abscess from necrosis, empyema from spread, organization from fibrosis but arthritis, while possible in septicemia, isn't standard, distinguishing D as the outlier.
Question 3 of 5
Small cell carcinoma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Small cell carcinoma (SCLC) is always high grade (C), aggressive and undifferentiated. Choice A is false; it's third (20-25%), behind adenocarcinoma/SCC. Choice B is incorrect; it's central or peripheral. Choice D is wrong; it's strongly smoking-related. Choice E (hormone production) is true. Page 762 confirms C's malignancy rapid growth and early metastasis define SCLC, unlike A's prevalence or D's smoking denial.
Question 4 of 5
Which of these microbes causes 'walking pneumonia'?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes 'walking pneumonia,' an atypical, mild lung infection where patients remain ambulatory lacking a cell wall, it resists some antibiotics, needing drugs like azithromycin. Klebsiella pneumoniae causes severe, necrotizing pneumonia, often in alcoholics. Streptococcus pneumoniae leads to classic bacterial pneumonia with lobar consolidation. Chlamydophila pneumoniae also causes atypical pneumonia but is less commonly termed 'walking.' M. pneumoniae's subtle symptoms (dry cough, fatigue) and slow spread in close-knit groups distinguish it, requiring specific lab tests like PCR for confirmation. This milder presentation contrasts with the others' acute severity, guiding treatment and highlighting atypical pneumonia's unique microbial etiology.
Question 5 of 5
A client admitted from home is diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. Which organism does the nurse suspect is the cause of this infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pneumococcus (C), or Streptococcus pneumoniae, is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults, accounting for 20-60% of cases per CDC guidelines. Escherichia coli (A) is a gram-negative rod linked to nosocomial or aspiration pneumonia, not typical CAP from home. Staphylococcus aureus (B) causes severe CAP, often post-viral (e.g., influenza), but is less frequent than Pneumococcus. Pneumocystis jiroveci (D) affects immunocompromised patients (e.g., HIV), not typical home-acquired cases. The document's answer (C) aligns with CAP epidemiology S. pneumoniae's polysaccharide capsule drives lobar consolidation, fever, and cough in healthy individuals, distinguishing it from A's hospital association or D's opportunistic nature.