ATI LPN
Introduction of Respiratory System NCLEX Questions PN Questions
Question 1 of 5
Sickle cell trait:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sickle cell trait all true : ~10% prevalence in Blacks (A HbAS), hematuria (B renal papillary necrosis), rare crises in hypoxia (C e.g., high altitude), hyposthenuria (D impaired concentrating ability). Trait's mildness contrasts anemia, key in nursing for hydration advice and crisis risk education.
Question 2 of 5
Characteristics of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria include all but one of the following:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) chronic hemolysis (A), brown morning urine (B hemoglobinuria), complement lysis (C CD55/59 defect), Ham's test (E acid lysis) but serum iron is low (D), not elevated, from chronic loss (e.g., <50 μg/dL). Iron deficiency is key, guiding nursing for iron therapy and PNH monitoring.
Question 3 of 5
The one of the following diseases in which examination of the bone marrow is least likely to be helpful in establishment the diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypersplenism (D) splenomegaly with pancytopenia relies on spleen size, CBC (e.g., platelets <100,000/μL), not marrow, which is hyperplastic, not diagnostic. Aplastic anemia (A), leukemia (B), Hodgkin's (C), myeloma show marrow changes (e.g., blasts, Reed-Sternberg). Hypersplenism's peripheral focus is key, guiding nursing for spleen assessment over marrow biopsy.
Question 4 of 5
If a young female develops a circulating anticoagulant directed against factor VIII, which underlying diagnosis is most likely:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lupus erythematosus (A) SLE produces lupus anticoagulant (e.g., anti-phospholipid antibodies), rarely against factor VIII, causing bleeding (acquired hemophilia mimic). Hepatitis (B), leukemia (C) don't target VIII. None' (D) dismisses. SLE's autoimmune link is key, guiding nursing for ANA and immunosuppression.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is NOT true at FRC?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Functional residual capacity (FRC) is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration, representing a balance point where the opposing forces of the lung and chest wall are equal. The elastic recoil of the lung is inward, tending to collapse the lung, while the elastic recoil of the chest wall is outward, tending to expand it. At FRC, these forces cancel each other out, and the lung-thorax system is indeed at rest with no active muscle contraction. However, FRC is not about 75% of total lung capacity (TLC). In a healthy adult, FRC is typically around 2.5-3 liters, while TLC is about 6 liters, making FRC approximately 40-50% of TLC, not 75%. The claim that FRC is about 75% of TLC is significantly overstated and does not reflect physiological norms, making it the statement that is not true at FRC. This misunderstanding could arise from confusing FRC with other lung volumes, but the standard values clearly indicate a lower percentage relative to TLC.