She is the first one to coin the term 'NURSING PROCESS' She introduced 3 steps of nursing process which are Observation, Ministration and Validation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Lydia Hall (D) coined 'nursing process' with three steps observation, ministration, validation per nursing history. Nightingale (A) focused environment, Johnson (B) behavior, Rogers (C) unitary humans. D matches Hall's contribution, making it correct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pain lasting over a week, as in Mr. Gary's case, is chronic (B), per pain classification beyond 3-6 months typically, but over a week shifts from acute. Acute pain (A) is short-term, referred pain (C) radiates to another site, phantom pain (D) is post-amputation. Chronic fits prolonged duration, likely worsened by alcoholism's effects (e.g., neuropathy), making B the correct expectation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Mottling is discoloration from lost circulation (A), per dying process patchy, often lower limbs, pre-death. Purplish post-death (B) is livor mortis, bluish fingertips (C) cyanosis not mottling's full scope. A best describes its circulatory basis, distinct from post-mortem changes, making it correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Curing the client's disease (C) isn't a goal in dying care focus is comfort, per palliative principles. Dignity (A), peace (B), and family support (D) align with end-of-life care. C contradicts terminal focus, making it the correct non-goal.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Treating two clients equally with pain meds is justice (C) fairness, per ethics. Autonomy (A) respects individual choice, beneficence (B) does good, fidelity (D) keeps promises not equality-focused. C ensures impartiality, making it correct.