ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions on Gastrointestinal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Secretions from the salivary glands catalyze which of the following reactions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because salivary glands secrete an enzyme called amylase that catalyzes the breakdown of carbohydrates into maltose. Amylase specifically targets the bonds between glucose molecules in carbohydrates, resulting in the production of maltose. Therefore, the reaction of carbohydrates + H2O -> maltose is catalyzed by salivary gland secretions. Choice A is incorrect because the breakdown of proteins into peptides is not catalyzed by salivary gland secretions. Choice B is incorrect as peptides are broken down into amino acids, not the other way around. Choice D is incorrect as the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol is not catalyzed by salivary gland secretions.
Question 2 of 5
Glycogen is best described as a
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer C: 1. Glycogen is a polysaccharide composed of glucose units. 2. It is synthesized and stored in the liver and muscles. 3. Liver glycogen is used to maintain blood glucose levels. 4. Muscle glycogen is used for energy during physical activity. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Red blood cells do not store glycogen; they lack organelles. B: Glycogen is not a protein; it is a carbohydrate. D: Glycogen is not a by-product of sucrose digestion; it is a stored form of glucose.
Question 3 of 5
The digestion of food and subsequent absorption into the bloodstream is important because
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because absorbed food serves as the raw material for metabolism. Once food is digested and absorbed into the bloodstream, it provides the essential nutrients needed for various metabolic processes in the body, such as energy production, growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues. This is crucial for overall body function and health. Explanation for other choices: A: Absorbed food is not toxic to the body; in fact, it provides essential nutrients. B: Absorbed food stimulating reproduction is not directly related to digestion and absorption. D: Absorbed food does not directly aid in respiration; respiration involves the exchange of gases in the lungs.
Question 4 of 5
A disorder of the digestive system that can cause severe dehydration is known as
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: diarrhea. Diarrhea is a disorder of the digestive system that leads to frequent and watery bowel movements, resulting in fluid loss and potential severe dehydration. It is essential to replace lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration. Choice A, appendicitis, is inflammation of the appendix and does not directly cause severe dehydration. Choice B, gallstones, is the formation of hardened deposits in the gallbladder and does not typically lead to dehydration. Choice C, constipation, is difficulty in passing stool and does not result in severe dehydration as seen in diarrhea.
Question 5 of 5
The excretory system is responsible for moving toxic wastes, dissolved molecules, and excess heat. You would conclude that the excretory system contributes to
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: The excretory system removes waste products to maintain dynamic equilibrium by regulating the body's internal environment. It helps control water balance, electrolyte levels, and pH, ensuring homeostasis. Circulating molecules (choice A) are more related to the circulatory system. Producing egg and sperm cells (choice C) pertains to the reproductive system. Gas exchange (choice D) is primarily carried out by the respiratory system. Thus, choice B is correct as the excretory system plays a crucial role in maintaining dynamic equilibrium in the body.