ATI LPN
Renal System Questions Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Secretion of molecules is higher in which of the following segments of the nephron?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) has the highest secretion rate for specific ions like H⺠and Kâº, and some drugs, via active transport mechanisms. The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) secretes organic ions (e.g., creatinine), but DCT's role in fine-tuning ion balance exceeds it. The thin limbs of the Loop of Henle focus on reabsorption, not secretion, making D correct.
Question 2 of 5
A 78-year-old patient is scheduled for transition to home after treatment for heart disease. The patient's spouse, who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, plans to care for the patient at home. The spouse says that their grown children, who live nearby, will help. The best approach to discharge planning is to:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Discharge planning should empower the patient and family while ensuring support. Discussing community resources (e.g., home health, support services) with the spouse and offering referrals (D) leverages available help, including the children, without assuming incapacity. Nursing home placement (A) is premature, consulting the spouse's provider (B) is indirect, and contacting children (C) bypasses the spouse, making D the best collaborative approach.
Question 3 of 5
What anatomical structure prevents reflux of urine into the ureters?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The trigone, a triangular area in the bladder base between ureteral openings and urethra, prevents urine reflux into the ureters (A) via ureterovesical junction valves. The renal capsule (B) encases the kidney, nephron (C) filters blood, and urethral sphincter (D) controls outflow, making A correct.
Question 4 of 5
Concerning the functional histology of the kidney:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Superficial nephrons with short loops (A) reabsorb less salt, deep nephrons with long loops (B) enhance salt and water reabsorption via countercurrent mechanisms, and in dehydration (C), blood shifts to deep nephrons to maximize concentration. All are correct: short loops limit salt reabsorption, long loops boost it, and dehydration favors deep nephrons, making E (all are correct), reassigned as D, the answer.
Question 5 of 5
PTH
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) decreases phosphate reabsorption (E, reassigned as D) in the proximal tubule, increasing urinary phosphate to regulate calcium. It doesn't affect water (A), sodium (B), or form AII (C), making D correct.