ATI LPN
Immune System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Schistocytes seen in?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Schistocytes are fragmented red blood cells formed due to mechanical trauma in the circulation. In the context of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), such as in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura or hemolytic uremic syndrome, schistocytes are commonly seen due to the presence of microthrombi in small vessels. This mechanical destruction of red blood cells leads to the characteristic appearance of schistocytes on peripheral blood smear. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Sickle cell trait (choice A) and thalassemia (choice B) do not typically present with schistocytes. In immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (choice D), the destruction of platelets by autoantibodies does not typically cause schistocytes formation.
Question 2 of 5
Major immunoglobulin in human serum (80% of pool)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: IgG. IgG is the major immunoglobulin in human serum, comprising about 80% of the pool. IgA is mainly found in mucosal secretions, IgD is involved in B cell activation, and IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection. IgG is the most abundant and versatile immunoglobulin, providing long-term immunity through neutralization, opsonization, and complement activation. Its high concentration in serum makes it crucial for defending against various pathogens.
Question 3 of 5
Client with platelet count of 58,000/mm³. Best action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place on safety precautions. With a platelet count of 58,000/mm³, the client is at risk for bleeding due to thrombocytopenia. Safety precautions include measures to prevent injury and bleeding, such as using soft-bristled toothbrushes, avoiding sharp objects, and maintaining a safe environment. Encouraging high-protein foods (choice A) is not directly related to managing low platelet count. Neutropenic precautions (choice B) are for clients with low white blood cell counts, not platelet issues. Limiting visitors (choice C) may reduce infection risk but does not address the bleeding risk associated with low platelet count.
Question 4 of 5
A pediatric nurse is working with an interdisciplinary team and parents to care for a 6-month-old client who has recently been diagnosed with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID). Which treatment is likely of most benefit to this client's type of primary immune deficiency disease (PIDD)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In SCID, there is a deficiency in immune cell development. HSCT replaces defective stem cells with healthy ones, restoring immune function. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy (option A) can further weaken the immune system. Antibiotic therapy (option B) treats infections but doesn't address the underlying immune deficiency. Colony-stimulating factors (option D) are used to stimulate production of specific blood cells, not a comprehensive immune system reconstitution like HSCT.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is working with a client who was diagnosed with HIV several months earlier. This client will be considered to have AIDS when the CD4+ Tlymphocyte cell count drops below what threshold?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 200 cells/mm3 of blood. This is the threshold at which an HIV-positive individual is considered to have AIDS. When the CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell count drops below 200 cells/mm3, the immune system is significantly compromised, increasing the risk of opportunistic infections. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the established CD4+ T-cell count threshold for an AIDS diagnosis.