RN assumes 24 hour responsibility for the client to maintain continuity of care across shifts, days or visits.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Primary nursing assigns one RN 24-hour responsibility for a client's care plan, ensuring continuity e.g., a diabetic's regimen tracked across shifts via associates. Functional nursing focuses tasks, team nursing collaborates, and total care is shift-specific. This accountability, like overseeing wound care long-term, builds trust and consistency, vital for complex cases. Its structured oversight distinguishes it, widely applied in settings needing sustained nurse-patient bonds.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nightingale's theory (1850s) sees environment as key to independence e.g., clean air aids recovery. Henderson focuses on needs, Orem on self-care, Swanson on caring. Her environmental focus e.g., sanitation remains foundational, influencing modern infection control and patient autonomy in nursing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rectal thermometers insert 1-2 inches e.g., 1 inch adults, less kids for accurate core temp, avoiding perforation. Longer (3-5) is unsafe; 5-1.5 illogical. Nurses mark this e.g., depth per guidelines, ensuring precision and safety.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A narrow cuff e.g., under-sized overcompresses, giving false high BP e.g., 140/90 vs. 120/80. True readings need fit; wide cuffs lower falsely. Nurses select e.g., arm size for accuracy, per standards.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Adult males stand for urinalysis e.g., aiming into cup per ease. Sitting, lying differ. Nurses instruct e.g., midstream for accuracy, per collection.