RN assumes 24 hour responsibility for the client to maintain continuity of care across shifts, days or visits.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Primary nursing assigns one RN 24-hour responsibility for a client's care plan, ensuring continuity across shifts via secondary nurses e.g., overseeing a diabetic's regimen long-term. Unlike functional (task-driven), team (group-based), or total care (shift-specific), it prioritizes accountability and consistency, enhancing patient trust and outcomes in complex cases.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nightingale's theory (1850s) hinges on environment as key to independence e.g., clean air aids recovery, enabling self-care. Henderson focuses on needs assistance, Orem on self-care deficits, and Swanson on caring processes. Nightingale's environmental manipulation remains foundational, influencing modern infection control and patient autonomy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rectal thermometers insert 1-2 inches e.g., 1 inch for adults, less for kids for accurate core temp without perforation risk. Longer (3-5 inches) is unsafe; 5 to 1.5 is illogical. Nurses follow this e.g., marking depth per procedure guidelines, ensuring precision and safety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: One minute between BP readings e.g., arm reperfusion ensures accuracy, per AHA. Longer waits (5-30 min) are for activity rest, not re-reads. Nurses time this e.g., quick repeat for reliable trends, standard in sequential monitoring.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Virginia Henderson's Nature of Nursing Model (1950s) defines nursing as aiding 14 basic needs e.g., breathing, eating to restore independence, like teaching a patient self-care post-surgery. Nightingale emphasized environment, Parse human becoming, and Orlando interactions. Henderson's practical, need-based approach, widely taught, frames nurses as partners in recovery, influencing care plans and education with its focus on patient autonomy.