ATI LPN
Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Results of a patients 24-hour urine sample indicate osmolality of 510 mOsm/kg, which is within reference range. What conclusion can the nurse draw from this assessment finding?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Normal osmolality (300-900 mOsm/kg) like 510 (C) shows kidneys can concentrate urine. It's not about acid-base (A), potassium (B), or erythropoietin (D), making C the conclusion.
Question 2 of 5
A football player is thought to have sustained an injury to his kidneys from being tackled from behind. The ER nurse caring for the patient reviews the initial orders written by the physician and notes that an order to collect all voided urine and send it to the laboratory for analysis. The nurse understands that this nursing intervention is important for what reason?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hematuria is the most common manifestation of renal trauma; its presence after trauma suggests renal injury. Hematuria may not occur, or it may be detectable only on microscopic examination. All urine should be saved and sent to the laboratory for analysis to detect RBCs and to evaluate the course of bleeding. Measuring intake and output is not a function of the laboratory. The laboratory does not save urine to test creatinine clearance at a later time. The laboratory does not monitor the urine for sodium or potassium concentrations.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with chronic renal insufficiency weighs 70 kg and has creatinine clearance 18 mL/min. An appropriate dietary modification is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Potassium restriction is critical in chronic renal insufficiency to prevent hyperkalemia.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse cares for a patient with renal calculi. What essential action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Straining urine identifies stone passage for analysis.
Question 5 of 5
What type of epithelium forms the lining of the renal pelvis? A) stratified squamous, B) transitional, C) simple ciliated columnar, D) simple cuboidal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The renal pelvis has transitional epithelium (B), stretching with urine flow. Stratified squamous (A) is in skin, ciliated columnar (C) in airways, and cuboidal (D) in tubules, making B correct.