Restating a person's message back to them in your own words, refers to the act of:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Paraphrasing restates messages e.g., 'You're tired' unlike focusing , distracting , or denial . PSWs use this for clarity. Misnaming risks confusion; paraphrasing fits. This skill ensures understanding, a PSW tool in communication.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Touch senses hot water e.g., skin unlike hearing , smell , or watch (D, sight). PSWs check this e.g., temp for safety. Misnaming risks burns; this fits. This observation ensures comfort, a PSW care detail.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Mr. Johnston's confusion indicates a cognitive impairment, which increases the risk of unsafe behaviors, such as mishandling a cigarette, potentially leading to burns or fire hazards. As a PSW, ensuring his safety is paramount while respecting his autonomy to the extent possible. Taking him to the smoking room is a step but does not guarantee oversight. Respecting his right to smoke anytime overlooks the need for supervision given his condition. Telling him he cannot smoke dismisses his preferences entirely, which could upset him and violate his rights unnecessarily. Supervising his smoking strikes the best balance: it allows him to engage in his desired activity while ensuring a PSW is present to monitor for safety, aligning with care standards that prioritize both resident autonomy and protection in long-term care settings.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Proper body mechanics involves using the body efficiently and safely during tasks like lifting or transferring clients, reducing injury risk to PSWs and ensuring client comfort. It encompasses principles like bending at the knees, keeping loads close, and maintaining balance. Segments refer to body parts, not their coordinated use. Alignment is part of mechanics but too narrow alone, focusing on posture. Base of support is a component widening the stance for stability but not the full concept. Body mechanics is the holistic term taught in PSW training, integrating these elements to prevent strain (e.g., back injuries) and align with occupational health guidelines, making it the correct and most complete answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The skin's protective covering comprises the dermis and epidermis . The epidermis, with dead outer cells, shields against pathogens and damage, while the living dermis below supports it with blood vessels and nerves. Tendons and ligaments connect muscles and bones, not a covering. Veins and arteries transport blood internally, not externally protective. Subcutaneous and muscle lie beneath skin, providing insulation and movement, not the surface barrier. As the integumentary system's core, dermis and epidermis align with PSW skin care knowledge, making it the correct description.