Regarding the pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Chronic bronchitis is most frequent in middle-aged men (D), with 90% being smokers'. Choice A is false; infection maintains, not develops, disease (smoking initiates). Choice B is incorrect; emphysema, not bronchiolitis, dominates with obstruction. Choice C is wrong; goblet cell overactivity is metaplastic, not dysplastic (protective, not precancerous). Choice E (none true) is invalid. Page 722 notes D's demographic men's higher smoking rates historically sustain prevalence, contrasting with A's infection focus or C's terminology error.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Simple pulmonary eosinophilia (Loffler syndrome) has striking radiographs but a benign course (D), resolving spontaneously. Choice A is false; acute eosinophilic pneumonia responds to corticosteroids, not antibiotics. Choice B is incorrect; Loffler is benign, not fatal. Choice C is wrong; it's extrinsic (allergic), not intrinsic. Choice E (giant cells) is true. Page 740 confirms D's profile transient infiltrates and eosinophilia contrast with A's treatment or B's severity error.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Organ transplant recipients are highly susceptible to Legionella pneumonia (A), with mortality up to 50% in immunocompromised. Choice B is false; urine antigens aid rapid diagnosis, but culture is the gold standard. Choice C is incorrect; Pontiac fever is a mild, distinct Legionella illness. Choice D is wrong; transmission is via aerosol aspiration, not drinking. Choice E (none true) is invalid. Page 747 confirms A's risk immunosuppression amplifies severity, unlike B's diagnostic error or C's nomenclature.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Lung cancer incidence exceeds breast cancer in women (B), reflecting smoking trends. Choice A is false; it's increasing slowly in women. Choice C is incorrect; peak is 40-70, not seventies. Choice D is wrong; only 2% occur before 40. Choice E (1990s smoking link) is misstated. Page 757 confirms B's epidemiology women's rising rates surpass breast cancer, unlike A's decline or D's percentage error.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Exotoxins are potent proteins secreted by bacteria, driving diseases like diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae), where toxin inhibits protein synthesis; whooping cough (Bordetella pertussis), with pertussis toxin disrupting cell signaling; and scarlet fever (Streptococcus pyogenes), via erythrogenic toxins causing rash. Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, lacks a classic exotoxin instead, its intracellular survival and lipopolysaccharide-like effects drive symptoms like fever and pneumonia. Unlike exotoxin-mediated diseases, Q fever's pathology stems from replication within host cells, not secreted toxins. This distinction matters in treatment: antitoxins target exotoxins, but Q fever relies on antibiotics like doxycycline, highlighting diverse bacterial virulence strategies in respiratory infections.