ATI LPN
Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Regarding the neural control of breathing, which statement is INCORRECT?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ventral respiratory group (VRG) neurons include expiratory cells that discharge spontaneously in forced breathing, not silent as stated. Choice A is true; centers and chemoreceptors are distinct. ' quiet expiration is passive (recoil). Choice C is accurate; inspiratory neurons (DRG) drive phrenic nerves. Choice E (12-15/min) fits. VRG's role in active expiration contradicts D's ‘no discharge,' making it false.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following substances is NOT removed from the blood by the lung?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: adrenaline (epinephrine) passes through the lung largely unchanged, unlike other substances. Choice A (prostaglandins, e.g., PGEâ‚‚) is inactivated by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. Choice B (noradrenaline) is partially removed (less than serotonin). Choice C (acetylcholine) is hydrolyzed by cholinesterase. Choice E (bradykinin) is inactivated by ACE. The lung's metabolic role clears peptides, amines, and lipids, but catecholamines like adrenaline resist significant uptake or breakdown, maintaining systemic effects (e.g., fight-or-flight), making D the exception.
Question 3 of 5
The single most effective health promotion activity that a nurse could teach a group of community-dwelling senior citizens that would most likely help them prevent influenza and pneumonia would be which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The annual influenza vaccine is the most effective health promotion activity for preventing influenza and its complication, pneumonia, especially in senior citizens who are at higher risk due to age-related immune decline. The vaccine primes the immune system to recognize and fight specific flu strains, reducing infection risk by up to 60% when well-matched, and lowering severity if infected. Hand washing reduces transmission but doesn't provide direct immunity. Avoiding crowds limits exposure but isn't as proactive or reliable as vaccination. Exercise boosts general health but lacks the specific protective effect of the vaccine against flu viruses. For seniors, who face increased morbidity from flu and pneumonia, the nurse's focus on vaccination aligns with public health priorities, offering a targeted, evidence-based strategy to prevent these respiratory illnesses and their potentially fatal outcomes.
Question 4 of 5
A middle-aged client wants to know about the choices of over-the-counter drugs for treating flu symptoms. Which nonprescription drugs can the nurse suggest? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For a middle-aged client with flu symptoms, the nurse suggests nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, and acetaminophen as over-the-counter options. NSAIDs like ibuprofen reduce fever, pain, and inflammation from flu-related myalgia. Acetaminophen lowers fever and relieves aches, a staple for symptom relief. Aspirin, while effective for fever and pain, carries risks (e.g., stomach irritation), but remains an option for adults without contraindications. Antivirals like oseltamivir require prescriptions, not OTC, ruling them out. Antiemetics might help nausea but aren't core flu treatments. The nurse recommends these based on their accessibility and efficacy for fever, aches, and discomfort common flu complaints advising proper dosing and caution (e.g., aspirin's Reye's risk if misused). This empowers the client to manage symptoms safely at home, aligning with self-care goals for uncomplicated flu.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is educating a client about the influenza vaccine. Which statement should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse includes that the vaccine can cause mild symptoms like a sore arm, a common reaction to the inactivated flu shot's injection and immune response, preparing the client for normal effects without alarm. It's effective regardless of past flu prior infection doesn't negate need, as strains evolve. It doesn't guarantee flu prevention effectiveness varies (e.g., 40–60% when matched) but reduces risk and severity. It's not live bacteria made from inactivated influenza viruses, not bacterial. This accurate, reassuring statement educates on realistic expectations, boosting compliance by addressing side effects upfront, aligning with evidence-based vaccine promotion for informed decision-making.