ATI LPN
Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Regarding the morphology of sarcoid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Asteroid bodies within giant cells (C) are a sarcoid feature. Choice A is false; granulomas affect multiple tissues (e.g., lymph nodes). Choice B is incorrect; necrosis is rare (unlike TB). Choice D is wrong; Schaumann bodies occur in TB too, not pathognomonic. Choice E (lymph node involvement) is true. Page 738 details C's morphology stellate inclusions in granulomas are characteristic, though not unique, distinguishing it over A's lung-only claim or D's specificity error.
Question 2 of 5
Regarding lung abscess
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspiration-induced lung abscesses are more common on the right (B), due to straighter bronchus anatomy. Choice A is false; aspiration, not bronchiectasis, is most frequent. Choice C is incorrect; multiple abscesses often develop. Choice D is wrong; some drain via airways, lacking debris. Choice E (10-15% carcinoma) is true. Page 753 confirms B's laterality aspiration in upright/sitting positions favors right-sided seeding, distinguishing it over A's etiology or C's singularity.
Question 3 of 5
Which of these correctly orders the structures through which air passes during inhalation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During inhalation, air follows a specific path through the respiratory tract. It enters via the nasal cavity or mouth, then reaches the pharynx, a shared passage for air and food. Next, it passes the larynx, the voice box, which directs air downward. The trachea, or windpipe, follows, channeling air into the bronchi, which branch into the lungs. The correct sequence pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi reflects this anatomical flow. Other options misplace structures: trachea before larynx reverses the order, and larynx leading directly to bronchi skips essential segments. This pathway ensures air is filtered, warmed, and humidified before reaching the lungs, critical for efficient gas exchange and respiratory protection, a foundational concept in pulmonary anatomy.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following diseases is not associated with coronavirus infections?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Coronaviruses cause Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and some common colds, targeting respiratory tissues with symptoms from mild to severe. German measles (rubella), however, is caused by rubella virus, a togavirus, not a coronavirus it presents with rash and fever, not primarily respiratory distress, and affects fetuses via congenital transmission. This distinction is critical: coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-2 involve droplet spread and lung involvement, while rubella's vaccine (MMR) targets a different pathogen. Recognizing rubella's unrelated etiology avoids misclassification, essential for diagnosis and public health strategies in respiratory versus systemic viral diseases.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with bronchopneumonia and experiencing apnea. Which condition should the nurse recognize as the cause of apnea?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Respiratory muscle fatigue (B) causes apnea in bronchopneumonia patchy consolidation increases work of breathing, exhausting diaphragm/intercostals, halting respiration. Fluid accumulation (A) causes obstruction, not apnea directly. Bacterial debris (C) or pathogens (D) trigger inflammation, not immediate cessation. Fatigue from hypoxia and hypercapnia (e.g., PaCOâ‚‚ >50 mmHg) disrupts ventilatory drive, per nursing texts. The document's answer (B) reflects this bronchopneumonia's diffuse load fatigues muscles, unlike A's fluid focus or D's vague etiology.