ATI LPN
Respiratory System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Regarding the influenza virus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antigenic shift involves recombination of RNA segments with animal viruses (B), replacing haemagglutinin/neuramidase. Choice A is false; shift is major, drift is mutation. Choice C is incorrect; type B drifts (not shifts). Choice D is wrong; type A affects birds (e.g., H5N1). Choice E (ssRNA) is true. Page 752 defines B's shift pandemic-causing reassortment contrasts with drift's gradual change, distinguishing it over A's reversal or D's bird error.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following viral diseases has been eliminated from the general population worldwide?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Smallpox, caused by variola virus, is the only viral disease eradicated globally, declared so by WHO in 1980 after a vaccination campaign eliminated natural cases. Measles and German measles (rubella) persist measles sees outbreaks where vaccination lags, and rubella, though controlled, isn't eradicated. Influenza evolves yearly, evading elimination due to antigenic drift. Smallpox's success stemmed from its stable virus, effective vaccine, and no animal reservoir, unlike influenza's mutations or measles' human spread. This milestone showcases public health triumph, contrasting with ongoing battles against other respiratory viruses, underlining eradication's rarity and the need for sustained vaccination efforts.
Question 3 of 5
A client who is significantly immunocompromised is diagnosed with Pneumocystis jiroveci. The client states, 'Every time I leave my house, I have worn a mask, so that I would not get sick. How did I get this?' Which response by the nurse represents an understanding of the pathogen responsible for the diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse's response (B) reflects Pneumocystis jiroveci's transmission ubiquitous in the environment, it can be carried asymptomatically by others (e.g., visitors) and inhaled by immunocompromised hosts (e.g., HIV, CD4 <200). Choice A is false; it's not waterborne (unlike Legionella). Choice C is incorrect; transmission is known airborne via respiratory droplets or reactivation of latent infection. Choice D is wrong; it's not foodborne (e.g., Toxoplasma). The document's answer (B) aligns with pathophysiology P. jiroveci's opportunistic nature means masks may not fully protect indoors if others introduce it, distinguishing it from A's route or C's uncertainty.
Question 4 of 5
A client with pneumonia is prescribed 100% oxygen. Which type of oxygen delivery device should the nurse use?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A nonrebreather mask (D) delivers 100% oxygen (FiOâ‚‚ 0.9-1.0) for severe pneumonia hypoxemia (PaOâ‚‚ <60 mmHg), per nursing texts. Simple mask (A) maxes at 60%. Venturi (B) adjusts FiOâ‚‚ (24-50%), not 100%. Nasal cannula (C) reaches 40%. The document's answer (D) fits nonrebreather's reservoir ensures high FiOâ‚‚, critical for ARDS-like pneumonia, distinguishing it from A's lower capacity or C's inadequacy.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following gas is released out during the process of respiration?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during respiration, a byproduct of cellular metabolism where glucose and oxygen produce energy, water, and CO2 in mitochondria. This CO2 diffuses from tissues into the blood, is transported to the lungs, and exhaled via alveoli. Oxygen is consumed, not released it enters the blood. Hydrogen isn't a respiratory gas; it's part of water or metabolic intermediates. 'None' is incorrect CO2 expulsion is respiration's hallmark. This process balances blood pH and oxygen levels, critical for homeostasis, distinguishing respiration from photosynthesis, where CO2 is absorbed, a fundamental principle in physiology and gas exchange studies.