Regarding the elastic properties of the lung:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: surface tension is the force along a liquid surface (e.g., alveoli), reducing area. Choice A is false; deflation volume exceeds inflation (hysteresis) due to surfactant. Choice B is wrong; compliance is ΔV/ΔP, not area (that's work). ' alveolar pressure is 2T/R (one surface), not 4T/R (soap bubble). Choice E is false; surfactant is from Type II cells, not I. C defines surface tension's role in Laplace's law, critical for alveolar stability.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: acclimatization shifts the Oâ‚‚ curve right (increased 2,3-DPG), not left. Choice A is true; Oâ‚‚ toxicity (e.g., >1 atm) causes seizures. ' hyperoxia damages infant retinas. Choice D is accurate; polycythemia boosts Oâ‚‚ capacity. Choice E (mountain sickness) fits hypoxemia/alkalosis. Right shift aids Oâ‚‚ unloading at altitude, making C the error.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: compliance (ΔV/ΔP) is a static measure of lung/chest elasticity, not dynamic (dynamic compliance includes airflow). Choice A is true; FRC balances recoil forces. Choice B is false but not the focus (hysteresis is surfactant-related). Choice C is incorrect but plausible; expiration compliance may appear higher in hysteresis. ' emphysema increases compliance (loss of recoil). Compliance reflects distensibility at rest (e.g., 200 mL/cm H₂O), not breathing dynamics, making E's ‘dynamic' label the error.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice E is incorrect (assuming typo for D); Type II pneumocytes, not membranous, are cuboidal and produce surfactant, not Type I (flat, gas exchange). Choice A is false but not the focus; Type II repair epithelium post-injury, not Type I. Choice B is true; macrophages arise from monocytes. ' mast cells bind IgE via Fc receptors. Choice D is accurate; APUD cells (e.g., Kulchitsky) are endodermal. Type II cells' role in surfactant (e.g., DPPC) and repair distinguishes E's mischaracterization as the error.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Resting in bed and drinking plenty of fluids are the most effective self-care measures for recovering from influenza, a viral illness. Rest reduces physical strain, allowing the immune system to focus energy on fighting the virus, while hydration thins mucus, prevents dehydration from fever, and supports overall recovery. Acetaminophen relieves symptoms like fever and aches but doesn't speed recovery itself. Antibiotics target bacteria, not viruses, so they're inappropriate unless a secondary bacterial infection occurs, which requires medical evaluation. Zinc lozenges lack consistent evidence for shortening flu duration and aren't a primary recommendation. The nurse's advice prioritizes foundational care rest and fluids proven to support the body's natural healing process, aligning with CDC guidelines for uncomplicated flu management, ensuring the client recovers efficiently without unnecessary interventions.