ATI LPN
Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Regarding Staph Aureus pneumonia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Staph aureus pneumonia is common with endocarditis in IV drug users (A), via hematogenous spread. Choice B is false; it causes complications (e.g., empyema). Choice C is incorrect; Klebsiella, not S aureus, targets malnourished/alcoholics. Choice D is wrong; it follows viral infections (e.g., influenza), not mumps. Choice E (nosocomial) is true. Page 748 links A's association S aureus's virulence in IVDU leads to septic emboli, distinguishing it over B's complication denial or C's group error.
Question 2 of 5
Which microbial virulence factor is most important for attachment to host respiratory tissues?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adhesins are proteins or structures on microbial surfaces that enable attachment to host respiratory tissues, a critical step in infection. They bind to specific receptors on epithelial cells, like those in the lungs or nasal passages, allowing pathogens to colonize and evade clearance. Lipopolysaccharide, a bacterial endotoxin, triggers inflammation but doesn't aid attachment. Hyaluronidase degrades host tissues for invasion, not initial adhesion. Capsules resist phagocytosis but primarily protect, not attach. Adhesins' specificity e.g., in Streptococcus pneumoniae or influenza virus makes them vital for establishing respiratory infections, initiating pathogenesis. This attachment precedes toxin release or tissue damage, underlining its importance in microbial strategies, a key focus in understanding respiratory disease mechanisms.
Question 3 of 5
Which of these infections is also referred to as Valley fever?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Coccidioidomycosis, dubbed Valley fever, is caused by Coccidioides fungi, endemic to the U.S. Southwest (e.g., San Joaquin Valley), inhaled as spores from soil, causing pneumonia-like symptoms. Histoplasmosis, from Histoplasma capsulatum, thrives in bird droppings, common in the Mississippi Valley. Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis) affects lungs and skin, linked to moist environments. Aspergillosis (Aspergillus spp.) targets immunocompromised lungs, not region-specific like Valley fever. Coccidioidomycosis's arid habitat and flu-like presentation distinguish it, requiring antifungals like fluconazole, unlike broader-spectrum treatments for others, emphasizing geographic and clinical uniqueness in fungal respiratory infections.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is instructing a group of college students about the signs and symptoms of 'walking pneumonia.' Which manifestation should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Walking pneumonia' (atypical, e.g., Mycoplasma) includes headache (B), fever, muscle aches, and joint pain per the document. Productive cough (A) is less common dry cough predominates. Headache (B) reflects systemic inflammation from mild infection, allowing ambulation. Fever (C) is low-grade, muscle aches (D) and joint pain mimic flu, per nursing texts. B's prominence in teaching aligns with atypical presentation subtle systemic signs distinguish it from A's wet cough.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with pneumonia-related atelectasis. Which action would be most appropriate for the nurse to implement to improve oxygen saturation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Instructing incentive spirometer use (D) best improves Oâ‚‚ saturation in pneumonia-related atelectasis deep breathing (e.g., 10 breaths/hour) re-expands alveoli, per ATS. High-flow Oâ‚‚ (A) treats hypoxemia, not atelectasis. Postural drainage (B) or percussion (C) clears mucus, less effective for collapse. The document's answer (D) fits spirometry (e.g., 1500 mL) reverses shunting (SpOâ‚‚ <92%), distinguishing it from A's supportive role.