ATI LPN
Questions on the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Regarding sarcoidosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Skin lesions occur in one-third to one-half of sarcoidosis patients (B), resembling SLE (Page 738-739). Choice A is false; spleen is affected microscopically in 75%, enlarged in 20%. Choice C is incorrect; muscle involvement is common but asymptomatic. Choice D is wrong; isolated hilar lymphadenopathy has a good prognosis. Choice E (65% recover) is true. Page 739 confirms B's frequency cutaneous involvement is significant, unlike A's rarity or C's symptom claim.
Question 2 of 5
Regarding chronic pneumonia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fungal infections like histoplasmosis resemble tuberculosis (C), with granulomas. Choice A is false; it's not immunocompromised-specific (also immunocompetent). Choice B is incorrect; inflammation is granulomatous, not suppurative. Choice D is wrong; Histoplasma produces yeast, not hyphae (others do). Choice E (common in HIV) is true. Page 754 details C's mimicry Histoplasma's TB-like lesions confuse diagnosis, unlike A's restriction or D's morphology error.
Question 3 of 5
The ___________ separates the upper and lower respiratory tract.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The larynx separates the upper and lower respiratory tracts. The upper tract includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx, handling air intake and conditioning. The lower tract trachea, bronchi, and lungs focuses on gas exchange. The larynx, with its vocal cords and epiglottis, marks this boundary, preventing food entry into the airway during swallowing. Bronchi, within the lungs, are lower tract structures. The epiglottis, part of the larynx, aids closure but isn't the divider itself. Palatine tonsils, in the pharynx, fight infection, not division. The larynx's role as a structural and functional transition point is key, linking air passage to voice production while guarding the lower airway, essential for respiratory system organization.
Question 4 of 5
Which of these viruses is responsible for causing shingles?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes shingles, a reactivation of latent virus from childhood chickenpox, manifesting as painful rash along nerve paths. Rubella virus causes German measles, a milder rash illness. Measles virus leads to systemic fever and rash, not nerve-specific. Variola major virus caused smallpox, eradicated, with skin lesions, not shingles' pattern. VZV's latency in dorsal root ganglia, triggered by stress or immunity decline, distinguishes it antivirals like acyclovir manage it, unlike measles or rubella's supportive care. This specificity matters for treatment and vaccination (e.g., Zostavax), highlighting VZV's unique neurotropic behavior in respiratory-origin viruses.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is conducting a teaching session for new parents on the causes of viral pneumonia. Which cause should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adenovirus (A), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Influenza virus are viral pneumonia causes, but A is emphasized in teaching per the document. Norovirus (B) causes gastroenteritis, not pneumonia. CMV (C) affects immunocompromised (e.g., neonates), Influenza (D) is common in all ages, and Adenovirus spreads in kids via droplets. The rationale focuses on A its respiratory tropism (e.g., ARDS risk) makes it key for parents, distinguishing it from B's GI focus while noting C and D's relevance.