ATI LPN
Respiratory System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Regarding respiratory infection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bacterial pneumonia is the most common cause of death in influenza epidemics (C), via superinfection. Choice A is false; respiratory infections outnumber UTIs in both sexes. Choice B is true; pneumonia is parenchymal infection. Choice D is incorrect; gram-negative rods (e.g., Klebsiella) dominate nosocomial cases, not Strep pneumoniae. Choice E (respiratory portal) is true. Page 747 confirms C's epidemiology influenza weakens defenses, leading to fatal bacterial overlay, unlike A's prevalence or D's pathogen.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is not directly connected to the nasopharynx?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nasopharynx, part of the upper throat behind the nasal cavity, connects directly to several structures. The middle ear links via the Eustachian tube, regulating pressure and draining mucus. The oropharynx lies below, sharing a continuous passage for air and food. The nasal cavity opens into it anteriorly, forming the primary airway. However, the lacrimal glands, located near the eyes, connect to the nasal cavity via the nasolacrimal duct, not the nasopharynx directly tears drain into the nose, bypassing the nasopharynx. This indirect link makes lacrimal glands the exception. Understanding these anatomical relationships is key in respiratory health, as infections can spread via these connections, but the lacrimal glands' drainage path distinguishes them, aligning with their role in tear production rather than respiratory function.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following viral diseases has been eliminated from the general population worldwide?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Smallpox, caused by variola virus, is the only viral disease eradicated globally, declared so by WHO in 1980 after a vaccination campaign eliminated natural cases. Measles and German measles (rubella) persist measles sees outbreaks where vaccination lags, and rubella, though controlled, isn't eradicated. Influenza evolves yearly, evading elimination due to antigenic drift. Smallpox's success stemmed from its stable virus, effective vaccine, and no animal reservoir, unlike influenza's mutations or measles' human spread. This milestone showcases public health triumph, contrasting with ongoing battles against other respiratory viruses, underlining eradication's rarity and the need for sustained vaccination efforts.
Question 4 of 5
A client who is significantly immunocompromised is diagnosed with Pneumocystis jiroveci. The client states, 'Every time I leave my house, I have worn a mask, so that I would not get sick. How did I get this?' Which response by the nurse represents an understanding of the pathogen responsible for the diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse's response (B) reflects Pneumocystis jiroveci's transmission ubiquitous in the environment, it can be carried asymptomatically by others (e.g., visitors) and inhaled by immunocompromised hosts (e.g., HIV, CD4 <200). Choice A is false; it's not waterborne (unlike Legionella). Choice C is incorrect; transmission is known airborne via respiratory droplets or reactivation of latent infection. Choice D is wrong; it's not foodborne (e.g., Toxoplasma). The document's answer (B) aligns with pathophysiology P. jiroveci's opportunistic nature means masks may not fully protect indoors if others introduce it, distinguishing it from A's route or C's uncertainty.
Question 5 of 5
A client with pneumonia is prescribed 100% oxygen. Which type of oxygen delivery device should the nurse use?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A nonrebreather mask (D) delivers 100% oxygen (FiOâ‚‚ 0.9-1.0) for severe pneumonia hypoxemia (PaOâ‚‚ <60 mmHg), per nursing texts. Simple mask (A) maxes at 60%. Venturi (B) adjusts FiOâ‚‚ (24-50%), not 100%. Nasal cannula (C) reaches 40%. The document's answer (D) fits nonrebreather's reservoir ensures high FiOâ‚‚, critical for ARDS-like pneumonia, distinguishing it from A's lower capacity or C's inadequacy.