ATI LPN
Introduction of Respiratory System NCLEX Questions PN Questions
Question 1 of 5
Regarding pulmonary emboli
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pulmonary infarcts from emboli are classically hemorrhagic (B), due to dual blood supply. Choice A is false; only 10% cause infarction (most resolve). Choice C is incorrect; death is from acute right heart failure (cor pulmonale). Choice D is wrong; recurrence risk is 30%, not 3%. Choice E (fever) is true. Page 742 details B's morphology red infarcts from bronchial artery bleeding distinguish it over A's frequency or C's heart error.
Question 2 of 5
Small cell carcinoma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Small cell carcinoma (SCLC) is always high grade (C), aggressive and undifferentiated. Choice A is false; it's third (20-25%), behind adenocarcinoma/SCC. Choice B is incorrect; it's central or peripheral. Choice D is wrong; it's strongly smoking-related. Choice E (hormone production) is true. Page 762 confirms C's malignancy rapid growth and early metastasis define SCLC, unlike A's prevalence or D's smoking denial.
Question 3 of 5
Which of these microbes causes 'walking pneumonia'?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes 'walking pneumonia,' an atypical, mild lung infection where patients remain ambulatory lacking a cell wall, it resists some antibiotics, needing drugs like azithromycin. Klebsiella pneumoniae causes severe, necrotizing pneumonia, often in alcoholics. Streptococcus pneumoniae leads to classic bacterial pneumonia with lobar consolidation. Chlamydophila pneumoniae also causes atypical pneumonia but is less commonly termed 'walking.' M. pneumoniae's subtle symptoms (dry cough, fatigue) and slow spread in close-knit groups distinguish it, requiring specific lab tests like PCR for confirmation. This milder presentation contrasts with the others' acute severity, guiding treatment and highlighting atypical pneumonia's unique microbial etiology.
Question 4 of 5
A client admitted from home is diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. Which organism does the nurse suspect is the cause of this infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pneumococcus (C), or Streptococcus pneumoniae, is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults, accounting for 20-60% of cases per CDC guidelines. Escherichia coli (A) is a gram-negative rod linked to nosocomial or aspiration pneumonia, not typical CAP from home. Staphylococcus aureus (B) causes severe CAP, often post-viral (e.g., influenza), but is less frequent than Pneumococcus. Pneumocystis jiroveci (D) affects immunocompromised patients (e.g., HIV), not typical home-acquired cases. The document's answer (C) aligns with CAP epidemiology S. pneumoniae's polysaccharide capsule drives lobar consolidation, fever, and cough in healthy individuals, distinguishing it from A's hospital association or D's opportunistic nature.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client with a temperature of 39°C (102.5°F), productive cough, chills, shortness of breath, and malaise. Which diagnostic test should the nurse expect to prepare the client for? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chest x-ray (A), sputum culture, and arterial blood gases (A, B, D) diagnose pneumonia per the document. X-ray (A) confirms consolidation (e.g., lobar opacity). Sputum (B) identifies pathogens (e.g., S. pneumoniae), ABGs (D) assess hypoxemia (PaOâ‚‚ <80 mmHg). Polysomnography (C) tests sleep apnea, not pneumonia. MRI is rare here. A's priority visualizing lung infiltrates drives diagnosis, distinguishing it as the key test.