ATI LPN
Exam Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Regarding pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Histologically, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) shows acellular surfactant accumulation (C), not cellular exudate. Choice A is false; acquired PAP is most common. Choice B is true; acquired PAP is autoimmune (anti-GM-CSF). Choice D is incorrect; secondary PAP (e.g., silicosis) is rare. Choice E (congenital fatal) is true. Page 741 details C's morphology alveolar spaces fill with lipoproteinaceous material, contrasting with A's prevalence or D's frequency error.
Question 2 of 5
Regarding bronchogenic carcinoma (old paper)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bronchogenic carcinoma often arises near the hilum (A), especially squamous cell. Choice B is false; metastasis is hematogenous and lymphatic. Choice C is incorrect; adrenals (>50%) outrank liver (30-50%). Choice D is wrong; adenocarcinoma/SCC (25-40%) exceed small cell (20-25%). Choice E (small cell resection poor) is true. Page 759 confirms A's origin hilar proximity reflects bronchial irritation, unlike B's spread or D's type error.
Question 3 of 5
In which stage of pertussis is the characteristic whooping sound made?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pertussis, or whooping cough, progresses through stages. The catarrhal stage mimics a cold with runny nose and mild cough. The paroxysmal stage follows, featuring severe, uncontrollable coughing fits ending in a high-pitched 'whoop' as air is inhaled forcefully through a narrowed airway Bordetella pertussis's toxin damages cilia, causing this. Convalescence is recovery, with diminishing cough. Prodromal isn't a recognized stage here catarrhal serves as the early phase. The whooping sound in the paroxysmal stage, peaking 2-6 weeks after onset, is diagnostic, reflecting airway obstruction and mucus buildup, critical for identifying this vaccine-preventable disease and initiating supportive care and antibiotics.
Question 4 of 5
In the United States, most histoplasmosis cases occur
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Histoplasmosis, from Histoplasma capsulatum, thrives in soil enriched by bird or bat droppings, peaking in the Mississippi River Valley, where humid conditions favor spore dispersal, causing lung infections via inhalation. The Pacific Northwest has fewer cases cooler, less bat-heavy. The desert southwest suits coccidioidomycosis, not histoplasmosis. The Colorado River Valley lacks the specific ecology for Histoplasma. The Mississippi region's 'histo belt' links to farming and river systems, driving endemicity cases mimic flu or progress to disseminated disease in the immunocompromised, requiring itraconazole, unlike other regions' fungal profiles, key for geographic disease mapping.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is preparing discharge instructions for the parents of a young child recovering from pneumonia. Which information should the nurse provide to help prevent the reoccurrence of the disease?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Complete all prescribed medications' (B) prevents pneumonia recurrence by eradicating pathogens (e.g., S. pneumoniae), per AAP guidelines. Reporting symptoms (A) is reactive, not preventive. Vaccinations (C) protect long-term but not immediate recurrence. Rest (D) aids recovery, not prevention. The document's answer (B) ensures antibiotic compliance unfinished courses (e.g., 5 vs. 10 days) risk resistant bacteria, distinguishing it from A's monitoring or C's future focus.