Regarding Pneumothorax, one of the following isn't true?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pneumothorax doesn't increase lung compliance. Lung collapses (Q11), thorax widens (A), reducing VC (C, < 4.8 L) and venous return (B, pressure loss, Q58). Compliance (~0.2 L/cm H2O) drops collapsed lung stiffens, not softens (D). A's expansion, B's cardiac effect, and C's volume loss align with air entry (0 mmHg intrapleural). D's increase unlike A's mechanics contradicts physiology's restrictive shift.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Silicosis stems from silica dust (D) crystalline silicon dioxide from quartz or sand in mining, quarrying. Inhaled particles trigger macrophage activation, fibrosis, forming silicotic nodules. Coal (A) causes pneumoconiosis, not silicosis carbon-based. Silicates (B) are related but less fibrogenic. Iron (C) links to siderosis, benign. Beryllium causes berylliosis, distinct granulomas. Silica's unique pathogenicity scars lungs, reducing compliance, key in occupational lung disease diagnosis (e.g., CT showing nodules), guiding prevention like ventilation controls in at-risk workers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Most pulmonary metastases arise from glandular tissues (C e.g., breast, prostate, thyroid) adenocarcinomas favor hematogenous lung spread, forming cannonball lesions. GI (A) and GU (B) metastasize, but glandular primaries dominate (e.g., 40% breast). Pericardium (D) and brain rarely seed lungs reverse is commoner. This reflects vascular drainage, key in imaging (e.g., CT) and nursing for systemic therapy planning.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Aspiration pneumonia ties to debilitation in elderly (C) impaired swallow (e.g., stroke) aspirates oropharyngeal bacteria (e.g., anaerobes), causing right lower lobe infection. Collaterals (A) are SVCS. Tracheal perforation (B) is mechanical. Elderly risk altered consciousness, dysphagia is key, guiding antibiotics and swallow therapy in nursing care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), an alkylating agent, causes cystitis, alopecia (D) metabolite acrolein irritates bladder (hemorrhagic cystitis), hair loss is common. Myelosuppression (A) fits methotrexate. Protein defects (B) are asparaginase. Neuropathy (C) is vincristine. Psychosis is prednisone. Cytoxan's bladder risk is key in nursing for hydration and mesna prophylaxis.