ATI LPN
Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Regarding pneumonia in HIV infected patients
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pulmonary non-Hodgkin lymphoma must be excluded in HIV pneumonia (A), due to malignancy risk. Choice B is false; common pathogens (e.g., S pneumoniae) also dominate. Choice C is incorrect; M avium occurs late (CD4 <50). Choice D is wrong; TB strikes early. Choice E (none true) is invalid. Page 757 notes A's necessity lymphoma mimics infection radiologically, distinguishing it over B's exclusion or C's timing error.
Question 2 of 5
Which of these infections is also referred to as Valley fever?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Coccidioidomycosis, dubbed Valley fever, is caused by Coccidioides fungi, endemic to the U.S. Southwest (e.g., San Joaquin Valley), inhaled as spores from soil, causing pneumonia-like symptoms. Histoplasmosis, from Histoplasma capsulatum, thrives in bird droppings, common in the Mississippi Valley. Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis) affects lungs and skin, linked to moist environments. Aspergillosis (Aspergillus spp.) targets immunocompromised lungs, not region-specific like Valley fever. Coccidioidomycosis's arid habitat and flu-like presentation distinguish it, requiring antifungals like fluconazole, unlike broader-spectrum treatments for others, emphasizing geographic and clinical uniqueness in fungal respiratory infections.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is instructing a group of college students about the signs and symptoms of 'walking pneumonia.' Which manifestation should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Walking pneumonia' (atypical, e.g., Mycoplasma) includes headache (B), fever, muscle aches, and joint pain per the document. Productive cough (A) is less common dry cough predominates. Headache (B) reflects systemic inflammation from mild infection, allowing ambulation. Fever (C) is low-grade, muscle aches (D) and joint pain mimic flu, per nursing texts. B's prominence in teaching aligns with atypical presentation subtle systemic signs distinguish it from A's wet cough.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with pneumonia-related atelectasis. Which action would be most appropriate for the nurse to implement to improve oxygen saturation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Instructing incentive spirometer use (D) best improves Oâ‚‚ saturation in pneumonia-related atelectasis deep breathing (e.g., 10 breaths/hour) re-expands alveoli, per ATS. High-flow Oâ‚‚ (A) treats hypoxemia, not atelectasis. Postural drainage (B) or percussion (C) clears mucus, less effective for collapse. The document's answer (D) fits spirometry (e.g., 1500 mL) reverses shunting (SpOâ‚‚ <92%), distinguishing it from A's supportive role.
Question 5 of 5
The exchange of gases between the external environment and the lungs ______.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: External respiration is the exchange of gases oxygen in, carbon dioxide out between the external environment and the lungs, occurring in the alveoli where air meets blood. 'Respiration' broadly includes this plus cellular processes, too vague here. Cellular respiration is intracellular, using oxygen to produce energy, not lung-based. 'None' is wrong external respiration fits precisely. This process involves air entering via inhalation, diffusing across alveolar walls into capillaries, and CO2 exiting, driven by partial pressure gradients. It's the lungs' primary role, distinct from internal or cellular phases, a critical distinction in respiratory physiology for gas transport understanding.