ATI LPN
Questions of Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Regarding nosocomial pneumonia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gram-negative rods are common nosocomial pneumonia pathogens (C), e.g., Klebsiella, Pseudomonas. Choice A is false; they're common with severe disease (e.g., intubation). Choice B is incorrect; antibiotics are a risk factor, not preventative. Choice D is wrong; Strep pneumoniae is minor in hospitals. Choice E (life-threatening) is true. Page 752 lists C's dominance gram-negative 'poo bugs' thrive in hospital settings, unlike A's broad claim or B's prevention error.
Question 2 of 5
What term refers to multinucleated cells that form when many host cells fuse together during infections?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Syncytia are multinucleated cells formed by host cell fusion during viral infections like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or measles, where viral proteins (e.g., fusion proteins) merge cell membranes, aiding spread. Ghon elements relate to tuberculosis lesions, not fusion. Reye syndrome is a post-viral liver-brain condition, not cellular. Koplik's spots are measles' oral signs, not fused cells. Syncytia's formation reflects viral pathogenesis, visible in tissue cultures, and contributes to symptoms like airway damage in RSV. Understanding this term clarifies how viruses amplify infection, distinct from other disease markers, key in virology and respiratory pathology studies.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client thought to have lobar pneumonia. Which color does the nurse anticipate the sputum to be when obtaining a sputum sample?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rust-colored sputum (B) is expected in lobar pneumonia, typically from Streptococcus pneumoniae, as hemoptysis results from RBC breakdown in consolidated alveoli. Brown (A) suggests old blood or fungal infection (e.g., Aspergillus), not classic lobar. Red (C) indicates fresh bleeding, rare unless necrotizing. Cloudy (D) is purulent (e.g., bronchopneumonia), not specific to lobar's bloody hue. The document's answer (B) matches pathology S. pneumoniae's virulence causes capillary leakage, yielding 'rusty' sputum, a hallmark distinguishing it from A's chronicity or D's infection type.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with pneumonia resulting from Staphylococcus aureus. Which classification of medication should the nurse anticipate the healthcare provider will order to eradicate the infection?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cephalosporin (B) (e.g., cefazolin) targets Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, per IDSA guidelines its beta-lactam kills gram-positive cocci. Corticosteroids (A) reduce inflammation, not infection. Antitussives (C) suppress cough, delaying clearance. Bronchodilators (D) ease breathing, not eradication. S. aureus's virulence (e.g., necrotizing) requires antibiotics like B, aligning with the document's implied answer, distinguishing it from A's adjunct role or C's symptom focus.
Question 5 of 5
The tiny air sacs present in human lungs are called _______.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alveoli are the tiny air sacs in the lungs, numbering about 500 million, where gas exchange occurs oxygen enters the blood, and carbon dioxide exits via diffusion across their thin walls. The bronchus (singular) and bronchioles are airways leading to alveoli, not sacs themselves bronchi branch from the trachea, and bronchioles are smaller terminal passages. 'All' is incorrect; only alveoli fit the description. Their vast surface area (about 100 m²) and capillary network make them the lungs' functional units, essential for oxygenation, a key focus in respiratory anatomy and diseases like emphysema, where alveoli degrade.