Regarding lung diseases, one of the following is true?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pulmonary fibrosis, FEV1/FVC is ≥ normal. A 10% diameter increase cuts resistance (R ∝ 1/r^4), not raises it (A, false). COPD is common (B, false). Fibrosis restricts, not obstructs (C, false resistance normal). D's ratio (> 80%) holds as FEV1 and FVC drop evenly (Q1), unlike A's physics error, per restrictive physiology.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pickwickian syndrome (obesity hypoventilation syndrome) features obesity (A), somnolence (B), and polycythemia high RBCs from chronic hypoxia (e.g., SpOâ‚‚ <90%). Excessive appetite (C) contributes to obesity but isn't a core association weight gain drives it. Anemia (D) contradicts hypoxia's erythropoietic stimulus; polycythemia is typical. This triad obesity restricts breathing, causing COâ‚‚ retention and daytime sleepiness defines the syndrome, distinct from sleep apnea alone. Anemia's absence (D) is the exception, key in recognizing this respiratory-metabolic overlap, guiding weight loss or ventilatory support in nursing care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pleuritis pleural inflammation produces friction rub (A), a creaking sound from inflamed surfaces (e.g., pneumonia, TB). CHF (B) causes effusion, not rub. Duct rupture (C) yields chylothorax. Pseudomonas (D) links to empyema. Bleb is pneumothorax. Rub's auscultatory hallmark is key, guiding anti-inflammatory therapy in chest assessment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Thrombocytosis (platelets >450,000/μL) occurs in malignancy (A cytokines), myelofibrosis (B marrow dysfunction), splenectomy (D no clearance), and chronic granulomatous disease (E inflammation), but not acute myelocytic leukemia (C) thrombocytopenia dominates from marrow suppression. AML's blast crisis consumes platelets, key in nursing for transfusion readiness, contrasting reactive thrombocytosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The Schilling test (C) best diagnoses pernicious anemia measures B12 absorption with/without intrinsic factor (IF), confirming gastric IF loss (e.g., <5% excretion). Marrow (A) shows megaloblasts, nonspecific. Neurologic exam (B) detects neuropathy, late. Smear (D) and indices show macrocytosis (MCV >100 fL), not cause. Schilling's specificity is key in nursing for B12 vs. folate differentiation and lifelong therapy.