ATI LPN
Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Regarding lung compliance, all of the following are correct EXCEPT?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: More surface tension reduces compliance. Compliance (ΔV/ΔP, A) is ~0.2 L/cm H2O normally, highest at FRC (B). High tension (no surfactant) stiffens alveoli (Q5), lowering compliance not raising it (C). Fibrosis cuts it (D, < 0.1 L/cm H2O, Q1). Emphysema boosts it . C's reversal unlike A's definition opposes Laplace's law (P = 2T/r), per physiology.
Question 2 of 5
The best treatment for chronic obstructive emphysema in the advanced stages is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Advanced chronic obstructive emphysema (COPD) benefits most from antibiotics, mechanical respiration, and bronchodilators (C). Exacerbations often involve infection antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin) target this. Bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol) relieve obstruction, while mechanical ventilation (e.g., BiPAP) supports failing respiration without high Oâ‚‚ risks. Continuous 100% Oâ‚‚ (A, E) suppresses hypoxic drive, worsening hypercapnia. Morphine (B) sedates, risking respiratory depression. High Oâ‚‚ ventilation (D) lacks infection focus. This triad addresses infection, airflow, and ventilatory support, optimizing outcomes in severe COPD, a balanced approach critical in ICU nursing care.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following are air pollutants:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All (D) sulfur dioxide (A), ozone (B), carbon monoxide (C) are air pollutants. SOâ‚‚ from fossil fuels irritates airways, linked to bronchitis. Ozone, from photochemical smog, damages alveoli, worsening asthma. CO binds hemoglobin, causing hypoxia, not a direct lung irritant but systemic. Each contributes to respiratory morbidity e.g., COPD exacerbations key in environmental health nursing for patient education on exposure reduction.
Question 4 of 5
Match the following: 658. empyema
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Empyema pus in pleura often involves Pseudomonas aeruginosa (D), a gram-negative bacillus in nosocomial or post-pneumonia infections, requiring drainage/antibiotics. Friction rub (A) fits pleuritis. CHF (B) gives transudate. Duct rupture (C) is chylothorax. Bleb is pneumothorax. Pseudomonas's purulence distinguishes empyema, key in nursing for chest tube management.
Question 5 of 5
A patient has hypochromic microcytic red blood cells with some target cells. The spleen is somewhat enlarged. The reticulocyte count is 9%. The following procedure is most likely give the definitive diagnosis:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypochromic microcytic RBCs, target cells, splenomegaly, and 9% reticulocytes suggest thalassemia hemoglobin electrophoresis (C) confirms (e.g., HbAâ‚‚ >3.5%). Serum iron (A) differentiates iron deficiency (normal here). Marrow exam (B) shows erythroid hyperplasia, not specific. Fragility (D) fits spherocytosis. Serum electrophoresis is proteins, not Hb. Electrophoresis pinpoints Hb variants, key in nursing for genetic diagnosis and family screening.