ATI LPN
Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Regarding lung abscess
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspiration-induced lung abscesses are more common on the right (B), due to straighter bronchus anatomy. Choice A is false; aspiration, not bronchiectasis, is most frequent. Choice C is incorrect; multiple abscesses often develop. Choice D is wrong; some drain via airways, lacking debris. Choice E (10-15% carcinoma) is true. Page 753 confirms B's laterality aspiration in upright/sitting positions favors right-sided seeding, distinguishing it over A's etiology or C's singularity.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following diseases is not associated with coronavirus infections?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Coronaviruses cause Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and some common colds, targeting respiratory tissues with symptoms from mild to severe. German measles (rubella), however, is caused by rubella virus, a togavirus, not a coronavirus it presents with rash and fever, not primarily respiratory distress, and affects fetuses via congenital transmission. This distinction is critical: coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-2 involve droplet spread and lung involvement, while rubella's vaccine (MMR) targets a different pathogen. Recognizing rubella's unrelated etiology avoids misclassification, essential for diagnosis and public health strategies in respiratory versus systemic viral diseases.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with bronchopneumonia and experiencing apnea. Which condition should the nurse recognize as the cause of apnea?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Respiratory muscle fatigue (B) causes apnea in bronchopneumonia patchy consolidation increases work of breathing, exhausting diaphragm/intercostals, halting respiration. Fluid accumulation (A) causes obstruction, not apnea directly. Bacterial debris (C) or pathogens (D) trigger inflammation, not immediate cessation. Fatigue from hypoxia and hypercapnia (e.g., PaCOâ‚‚ >50 mmHg) disrupts ventilatory drive, per nursing texts. The document's answer (B) reflects this bronchopneumonia's diffuse load fatigues muscles, unlike A's fluid focus or D's vague etiology.
Question 4 of 5
Which instruction should the nurse provide to a client who has pneumonia and is being discharged for home care? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid intake (A), avoiding smoke (B), and rest (C) aid pneumonia recovery per the document (A, B, C). A thins mucus (2-3 L/day). B prevents ciliary damage. C reduces Oâ‚‚ demand. Disinfecting (D) is less relevant post-discharge; masks are situational. A's priority hydration eases expectoration of consolidated sputum (e.g., 50-100 mL), distinguishing it as the key instruction.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following functions by filtering and keeping the mucus and dirt away from our lungs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cilia, hair-like structures on respiratory epithelial cells, filter mucus and dirt from the lungs via the mucociliary escalator. They beat rhythmically to sweep trapped particles upward to the pharynx for swallowing or expulsion, protecting deeper airways. Bronchioles, small air passages, lack cilia's filtering role they conduct air. 'Hairs in the lungs' misrepresents nasal hairs, which filter larger particles upstream, not in the lungs. 'All' is inaccurate cilia alone perform this task in the lower tract. This mechanism is crucial for lung defense, impaired in conditions like cystic fibrosis, highlighting cilia's role in respiratory health.