ATI LPN
Questions for the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Regarding Legionella pneumonia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Organ transplant recipients are highly susceptible to Legionella pneumonia (A), with mortality up to 50% in immunocompromised. Choice B is false; urine antigens aid rapid diagnosis, but culture is the gold standard. Choice C is incorrect; Pontiac fever is a mild, distinct Legionella illness. Choice D is wrong; transmission is via aerosol aspiration, not drinking. Choice E (none true) is invalid. Page 747 confirms A's risk immunosuppression amplifies severity, unlike B's diagnostic error or C's nomenclature.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following does not involve a bacterial exotoxin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Exotoxins are potent proteins secreted by bacteria, driving diseases like diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae), where toxin inhibits protein synthesis; whooping cough (Bordetella pertussis), with pertussis toxin disrupting cell signaling; and scarlet fever (Streptococcus pyogenes), via erythrogenic toxins causing rash. Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, lacks a classic exotoxin instead, its intracellular survival and lipopolysaccharide-like effects drive symptoms like fever and pneumonia. Unlike exotoxin-mediated diseases, Q fever's pathology stems from replication within host cells, not secreted toxins. This distinction matters in treatment: antitoxins target exotoxins, but Q fever relies on antibiotics like doxycycline, highlighting diverse bacterial virulence strategies in respiratory infections.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is not caused by a dimorphic fungus?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dimorphic fungi switch between yeast and mold forms, causing systemic infections. Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum), coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides spp.), and blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis) are dimorphic, inhaled as spores, then yeast in tissue, affecting lungs and beyond. Aspergillosis, from Aspergillus spp., isn't dimorphic it's a mold-only opportunist, infecting immunocompromised lungs without yeast transition. This distinction guides diagnosis: dimorphic fungi need tissue biopsy showing yeast, while Aspergillus shows hyphae. Treatment varies amphotericin B for systemic dimorphic infections versus voriconazole for Aspergillus highlighting aspergillosis's unique pathology in respiratory fungal disease classification.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is providing a 68-year-old client with health promotion activities. Which vaccine will the nurse recommend for the prevention of bacterial pneumonia?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pneumococcal vaccine (D) prevents bacterial pneumonia, targeting Streptococcus pneumoniae, per CDC for ages 65+. Meningococcal vaccine (A) prevents meningitis, not pneumonia. Flu vaccine (B) reduces viral pneumonia risk but not bacterial directly. TDAP (C) addresses pertussis, not S. pneumoniae. The document's answer (D) fits PCV13/PCV15 protects against 70% of invasive pneumococcal disease in the elderly, unlike A's focus or B's indirect effect.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Pneumocystis jiroveci. Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care to help decrease the client's metabolic demands?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Frequent, small meals (B) decrease metabolic demand in Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia small portions (e.g., 200 kcal) reduce Oâ‚‚ use versus large meals (500 kcal). Active ROM (A) increases demand. Family support (C) aids stress, not metabolism directly. Splinting (D) eases cough, not demand. The implied answer (B) aligns P. jiroveci's hypoxia (PaOâ‚‚ <70 mmHg) taxes reserves, and B conserves energy, distinguishing it from A's exertion.