Regarding dead space, choose the FALSE statement

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dead space is gas not exchanging (A, true), but physiological dead space includes anatomic (~150 mL) plus alveolar dead space, not just alveolar (B, false) . It's measured via Bohr's method arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) vs. mixed expired PCO2 (PECO2) not directly by PECO2 alone (C, false). Ventilators add tubing dead space (D, true), and high V/Q ratios increase it (Page 8, Q34). C's oversimplification misses PaCO2's role (e.g., Q12: 600 mL tidal, 180 mL dead space), misaligning with physiology's dual-component definition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Total lung capacity (TLC) is ~6 L. TLC = RV (~1.2 L) + ERV (~1.3 L) + Vt (~0.5 L) + IRV (~3 L), varying by size/sex (5-7 L). B's 2 L is too low (near FRC). C's 4 L approximates VC. D's 9 L exceeds norms. A's 6 L unlike B's underestimation matches spirometry standards for healthy adults, per physiology's volume summation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: More surface tension reduces compliance. Compliance (ΔV/ΔP, A) is ~0.2 L/cm H2O normally, highest at FRC (B). High tension (no surfactant) stiffens alveoli (Q5), lowering compliance not raising it (C). Fibrosis cuts it (D, < 0.1 L/cm H2O, Q1). Emphysema boosts it . C's reversal unlike A's definition opposes Laplace's law (P = 2T/r), per physiology.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Decreased FEV1 (D) fits both obstructive (e.g., COPD) and restrictive (e.g., fibrosis) diseases. Obstructive: FEV1 drops (air trapping), FVC normal/low, ratio < 70%. Restrictive: FEV1 and FVC decrease, ratio ≥ 80% (Q1). RV rises in obstructive (Q13), falls in restrictive (A, false). TLC increases in obstructive, decreases in restrictive (B, false). Vascular resistance rises in restrictive (C, false, Q10). D's universal drop unlike A's specificity aligns with spirometry, per physiology.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Advanced chronic obstructive emphysema (COPD) benefits most from antibiotics, mechanical respiration, and bronchodilators (C). Exacerbations often involve infection antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin) target this. Bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol) relieve obstruction, while mechanical ventilation (e.g., BiPAP) supports failing respiration without high Oâ‚‚ risks. Continuous 100% Oâ‚‚ (A, E) suppresses hypoxic drive, worsening hypercapnia. Morphine (B) sedates, risking respiratory depression. High Oâ‚‚ ventilation (D) lacks infection focus. This triad addresses infection, airflow, and ventilatory support, optimizing outcomes in severe COPD, a balanced approach critical in ICU nursing care.