ATI LPN
Questions on the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Regarding chronic pneumonia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fungal infections like histoplasmosis resemble tuberculosis (C), with granulomas. Choice A is false; it's not immunocompromised-specific (also immunocompetent). Choice B is incorrect; inflammation is granulomatous, not suppurative. Choice D is wrong; Histoplasma produces yeast, not hyphae (others do). Choice E (common in HIV) is true. Page 754 details C's mimicry Histoplasma's TB-like lesions confuse diagnosis, unlike A's restriction or D's morphology error.
Question 2 of 5
Which of these viruses is responsible for causing shingles?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes shingles, a reactivation of latent virus from childhood chickenpox, manifesting as painful rash along nerve paths. Rubella virus causes German measles, a milder rash illness. Measles virus leads to systemic fever and rash, not nerve-specific. Variola major virus caused smallpox, eradicated, with skin lesions, not shingles' pattern. VZV's latency in dorsal root ganglia, triggered by stress or immunity decline, distinguishes it antivirals like acyclovir manage it, unlike measles or rubella's supportive care. This specificity matters for treatment and vaccination (e.g., Zostavax), highlighting VZV's unique neurotropic behavior in respiratory-origin viruses.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is conducting a teaching session for new parents on the causes of viral pneumonia. Which cause should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adenovirus (A), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Influenza virus are viral pneumonia causes, but A is emphasized in teaching per the document. Norovirus (B) causes gastroenteritis, not pneumonia. CMV (C) affects immunocompromised (e.g., neonates), Influenza (D) is common in all ages, and Adenovirus spreads in kids via droplets. The rationale focuses on A its respiratory tropism (e.g., ARDS risk) makes it key for parents, distinguishing it from B's GI focus while noting C and D's relevance.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is planning the interventions for a client diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia. Which intervention should provide the most improvement in the client's ventilation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adequate pain relief (D) most improves ventilation in pneumococcal pneumonia pleuritic pain (e.g., 7/10) restricts breathing, and analgesia (e.g., ibuprofen) boosts tidal volume (Vt ≈500 mL). Coughing (A) clears airways but not ventilation directly. Fluids (B) aid mucus, not air entry. Pulmonary hygiene (C) supports clearance, not primary ventilation. The document's answer (D) aligns pain relief reduces splinting, enhancing V/Q match, distinguishing it from A's secondary effect.
Question 5 of 5
The total number of alveoli present in the human lungs is estimated to be around ______.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The human lungs contain about 500 million alveoli, a figure derived from anatomical studies estimating 480-600 million across both lungs. These sacs provide a massive surface area (around 100 m²) for gas exchange, vital for oxygenating blood efficiently. One billion or 1.5 billion overestimate this such numbers exceed histological counts. Eight hundred million is closer but still high. This 500 million estimate balances lung capacity with microscopic reality, supporting respiration's demands. Understanding this scale is key in physiology and pathology, like in COPD, where alveolar loss reduces exchange capacity, affecting oxygen delivery.