Regarding carbon dioxide transport in blood, which statement is INCORRECT?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: arterial blood carries only ≈5-7% of CO₂ in dissolved form (≈0.3 mL/100 mL at PaCO₂ 40 mmHg), not 20% total CO₂ is ≈48-50 mL/100 mL, mostly as HCO₃⁻ (70-80%) and carbamino compounds (10-20%). Choice A is true; O₂ solubility (0.003 mL/mmHg/100 mL) is ≈20x less than CO₂ (0.06). ' deoxygenation enhances CO₂ binding (Haldane effect) via deoxy-Hb's higher affinity. Choice D is plausible; venous hematocrit may rise slightly due to plasma shifts, though minimal in normals. Dissolved CO₂ contributes a small fraction, and C's overestimate contradicts standard physiology (e.g., 20% would imply 10 mL/100 mL, far exceeding solubility), making it the false statement.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For a client post-chemotherapy and radiation, the nurse advises that those with weakened immune systems, like her, are more susceptible to infections and severe flu outcomes, making vaccination wise with the inactivated shot, not the live nasal spray. Chemotherapy suppresses immunity, increasing flu risk even months later, and the inactivated vaccine safely boosts protection without infection risk. Saying the vaccine causes flu is false it's inactivated, not live, in the shot form recommended here. Influenza is indeed modifiable vaccination lowers risk, a key point for this vulnerable client. The nasal spray's live virus is contraindicated post-chemo due to immune compromise, but the shot is safe and effective. The nurse's accurate advice emphasizes vaccination's protective role, tailored to her condition, preventing severe illness in someone still recovering immunity, aligning with CDC guidelines for immunocompromised individuals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Further teaching is needed if the patient thinks the vaccine isn't recommended for older adults, as this is false seniors over 65 are a priority group due to high flu complication risks, per CDC guidelines. Effectiveness varying by individual (e.g., age, immunity) and strain match is true, reflecting real-world vaccine dynamics. A 60% incidence reduction is plausible when matched well, showing understanding. Not protecting against other viruses (e.g., colds) is accurate flu vaccines target influenza only. The misconception about older adults signals a gap; the provider must clarify that seniors need it most, often with high-dose versions, to prevent severe outcomes like pneumonia, ensuring the patient's knowledge aligns with evidence-based practice for their demographic.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Influenza in a 67-year-old raises the risk of sinusitis and otitis media, as viral irritation of the respiratory tract leads to sinus inflammation or eustachian tube blockage, fostering bacterial superinfections. Age-related immune decline heightens this in seniors. Arthritis and Cushing's syndrome aren't flu-linked joint or hormonal issues don't follow. Aortic valve prolapse is structural, not infectious. Gastritis and goiter affect digestion and thyroid, not respiratory sequelae. The nurse flags sinusitis and otitis media as common, treatable complications, per clinical patterns, urging vigilance for symptoms like sinus pain or earache to prevent escalation in this vulnerable client.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Expiratory airflow obstruction diagnosed by spirometry (A) confirms emphysema'. Choice B is false; weight loss is common, akin to neoplasia. Choice C is incorrect; blood gases are normal at rest in pure emphysema (unlike bronchitis-dominant cases). Choice D is wrong; symptoms emerge with one-third parenchymal loss, not one-quarter. Choice E (purulent cough) fits bronchitis, not pure emphysema. Page 721 details spirometry's role reduced FEV₁/FVC reflects irreversible obstruction from alveolar destruction, making A the diagnostic cornerstone, unlike B's rarity claim or C's gas error.