Regarding asbestos related illnesses

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Asbestos acts as a tumor initiator and promoter (D), uniquely among dusts. Choice A is false; family members risk exposure from workers' clothes. Choice B is incorrect; both mesothelioma and lung carcinoma are common. Choice C is wrong; serpentine fibers are less pathogenic (cleared easier) than amphiboles. Choice E (smoking increases carcinoma risk) is true. Page 736 confirms D's dual role asbestos induces mutations and promotes growth, distinguishing it over A's risk denial or C's fiber error.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Community-acquired pneumonitis can mimic ARDS's alveolar damage pattern (A), e.g., diffuse injury. Choice B is false; involvement varies (patchy or lobar). Choice C is incorrect; pleural effusions are uncommon. Choice D is wrong; white cell count is mildly elevated. Choice E (no fibrosis) is true. Page 751 notes A's similarity organisms like Mycoplasma cause ARDS-like exudates in epidemics (schools/prisons), unlike B's uniformity or C's effusion claim.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Normally, 15 mL of serous acellular fluid lubricates pleura (A), maintaining low friction. Choice B is false; most effusions are secondary (e.g., CHF), not primary. Choice C is incorrect; hemorrhagic pleuritis is tumor-related. Choice D is wrong; hemothorax is from trauma/aortic rupture. Choice E (empyema from lung infection) is true. Page 766 (Table 15-14) confirms A's physiology small volume prevents adhesion, distinguishing it over B's primary claim or C's etiology error.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The common cold is typically caused by rhinoviruses (most frequent), coronaviruses (e.g., pre-COVID strains), and adenoviruses, all targeting upper respiratory epithelium, leading to sniffles and cough. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox and shingles, not colds it's a herpesvirus affecting skin and nerves, not primarily respiratory mucosa. While cold viruses spread via droplets and self-resolve, VZV involves systemic rash and latency, requiring antivirals like acyclovir in severe cases. This distinction matters: cold management is supportive, but VZV has vaccination (e.g., Zostavax) and different transmission dynamics, emphasizing accurate viral identification in respiratory versus systemic infections.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cyanosis (A) is a critical system effect of pneumonia the nurse must monitor, indicating hypoxemia from impaired gas exchange (SpOâ‚‚ <90%). Excess mucus production (B) is a local airway response, not a systemic effect. Shortness of breath (C) is a symptom, not a direct systemic sign, though related to hypoxia. Hemoptysis (D) is less common unless necrotizing (e.g., Klebsiella). Pneumonia's alveolar inflammation and exudate reduce oxygenation, risking cyanosis blue lips/nails signal urgent intervention (e.g., Oâ‚‚ therapy). The document's answer (A) reflects this priority systemic hypoxia trumps B's local effect or D's rarity in standard cases.