Regarding asbestos related illness

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pleural plaques are the most common asbestos exposure finding (B), seen in parietal pleura. Choice A is false; asbestos bodies (ferruginous) are frequent but less common than plaques. Choice C is incorrect; plaques form anterolaterally and over diaphragmatic domes, not apices. Choice D is wrong; plaques are fibrous, not containing asbestos bodies (parenchyma does). Choice E (uncommon effusions) is true. Page 736 highlights B's prevalence calcified plaques mark chronic exposure, unlike A's frequency or C's location error.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Antigenic shift involves recombination of RNA segments with animal viruses (B), replacing haemagglutinin/neuramidase. Choice A is false; shift is major, drift is mutation. Choice C is incorrect; type B drifts (not shifts). Choice D is wrong; type A affects birds (e.g., H5N1). Choice E (ssRNA) is true. Page 752 defines B's shift pandemic-causing reassortment contrasts with drift's gradual change, distinguishing it over A's reversal or D's bird error.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nasopharynx, part of the upper throat behind the nasal cavity, connects directly to several structures. The middle ear links via the Eustachian tube, regulating pressure and draining mucus. The oropharynx lies below, sharing a continuous passage for air and food. The nasal cavity opens into it anteriorly, forming the primary airway. However, the lacrimal glands, located near the eyes, connect to the nasal cavity via the nasolacrimal duct, not the nasopharynx directly tears drain into the nose, bypassing the nasopharynx. This indirect link makes lacrimal glands the exception. Understanding these anatomical relationships is key in respiratory health, as infections can spread via these connections, but the lacrimal glands' drainage path distinguishes them, aligning with their role in tear production rather than respiratory function.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Smallpox, caused by variola virus, is the only viral disease eradicated globally, declared so by WHO in 1980 after a vaccination campaign eliminated natural cases. Measles and German measles (rubella) persist measles sees outbreaks where vaccination lags, and rubella, though controlled, isn't eradicated. Influenza evolves yearly, evading elimination due to antigenic drift. Smallpox's success stemmed from its stable virus, effective vaccine, and no animal reservoir, unlike influenza's mutations or measles' human spread. This milestone showcases public health triumph, contrasting with ongoing battles against other respiratory viruses, underlining eradication's rarity and the need for sustained vaccination efforts.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse's response (B) reflects Pneumocystis jiroveci's transmission ubiquitous in the environment, it can be carried asymptomatically by others (e.g., visitors) and inhaled by immunocompromised hosts (e.g., HIV, CD4 <200). Choice A is false; it's not waterborne (unlike Legionella). Choice C is incorrect; transmission is known airborne via respiratory droplets or reactivation of latent infection. Choice D is wrong; it's not foodborne (e.g., Toxoplasma). The document's answer (B) aligns with pathophysiology P. jiroveci's opportunistic nature means masks may not fully protect indoors if others introduce it, distinguishing it from A's route or C's uncertainty.