Prolonged PT and aPTT, normal blood test. Most likely diagnosis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Vitamin K deficiency. Prolonged PT and aPTT indicate impaired coagulation factors, which are dependent on Vitamin K for synthesis. The normal blood test rules out hemophilia A, a genetic deficiency of factor VIII (choice A), thrombocytopenia, a low platelet count (choice B), and Von Willebrand disease, a deficiency in a blood protein that helps with clotting (choice C). Therefore, the most likely diagnosis is Vitamin K deficiency due to the abnormal coagulation factors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absolute lymphocytosis. This is the most important diagnostic criterion for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). CLL is characterized by a high number of mature-looking lymphocytes in the blood. The presence of absolute lymphocytosis (>5,000/microliter) is a key feature in diagnosing CLL. Hypogammaglobulinemia (choice A) can occur in CLL but is not the primary diagnostic criterion. Male predominance (choice C) and enlarged lymph nodes (choice D) are common features of CLL but do not serve as the primary diagnostic criterion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vector infective for life. Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. Once a mosquito is infected with the virus, it remains infective for the rest of its life, making it a lifelong vector for dengue transmission. This is why controlling mosquito populations is crucial in preventing the spread of dengue fever. Choice A (DNA virus) is incorrect because dengue fever is caused by an RNA virus, not a DNA virus. Choice C (Prefers polluted water) is incorrect as Aedes mosquitoes, the vector for dengue, breed in clean, stagnant water. Choice D (Joint symptoms more than chikungunya) is incorrect as joint symptoms are actually more common and severe in chikungunya fever, not in dengue fever.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is IgE (Choice C) as it is the least present immunoglobulin in the body. IgE is primarily involved in allergic responses and defense against parasites. IgA (Choice A) is present in mucosal linings, IgD (Choice B) is involved in the activation of B cells, and IgM (Choice D) is the first antibody produced in response to an infection. Therefore, IgE is the least abundant immunoglobulin compared to the other choices.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because ensuring a valid consent is on the chart is the priority before any procedure, including a bone marrow biopsy. This step ensures that the client has been properly informed about the procedure, risks, benefits, and has given their consent. Administering pain medication (choice A) should be done after ensuring proper consent. Having the client shower in the morning (choice C) is not a priority before the procedure. Premedicating with sedatives (choice D) may not be necessary or appropriate for all clients and should be decided based on individual assessment.