Primary health care is a total approach to community development. Which of the following is an indicator of success in using the primary health care approach?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, as it highlights the sustainability aspect crucial in primary health care. Sustainable health programs align with the community's development level, ensuring long-term effectiveness. A: Providing free health services is not an indicator of success as sustainability and community involvement are key. B: While empowering local officials is important, it doesn't directly measure the success of the primary health care approach. C: Providing care based on identified needs is a fundamental aspect but doesn't guarantee success without sustainability.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Yin represents yielding, negative, and feminine energy in traditional Chinese medicine. 2. It is associated with qualities like darkness, coldness, and rest. 3. Yin balances the opposing force of Yang in the body. 4. In TCM, maintaining a balance between Yin and Yang is crucial for overall health. 5. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Yin. Summary: - Choice B (Yang) is incorrect as it represents the opposite force to Yin. - Choice C (Qi) is incorrect as it refers to the vital energy flow in TCM. - Choice D (Chai) is incorrect as it is not a term used in traditional Chinese medicine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Post-natal care. Post-natal care refers to the care given to a woman within a month after delivering a baby. This care is crucial for monitoring the mother's physical and emotional health, providing support with breastfeeding, ensuring proper healing, and addressing any postpartum complications. Follow-up care (A) is a general term that may include various types of care beyond the immediate post-natal period. Maternity care (B) typically refers to the care provided during pregnancy and childbirth, not specifically after delivery. Puerperal care (C) specifically focuses on the period immediately following childbirth and may not encompass the entire month post-delivery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Number of registered live births. The general fertility rate is calculated by dividing the number of live births in a specific period by the total number of women of reproductive age during that period. This numerator reflects the actual occurrence of live births in the population, making it the most appropriate measure for determining fertility rates accurately. A: Estimated midyear population is not used as the numerator because it does not directly measure fertility rates. C: Number of pregnancies in the year includes all pregnancies, not just live births, which would overestimate the fertility rate. D: Number of females of reproductive age is not used as the numerator as it represents the total population, not the specific group giving birth.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it directly aligns with the principle of freedom of choice in family planning. Providing couples with adequate information regarding different methods empowers them to make informed decisions based on their preferences and circumstances. This choice respects individual autonomy and allows couples to choose the method that best suits their needs. Incorrect Choices: A: Information dissemination is important but does not necessarily guarantee freedom of choice. B: Supporting research and development is beneficial but does not directly relate to the freedom of choice for couples. D: Encouraging joint responsibility is valuable for promoting communication, but it does not explicitly ensure freedom of choice for individuals.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (4 weeks) for the minimum interval between two doses of the MMR vaccine. This interval is necessary for the body to develop a strong immune response to the vaccine components. Waiting at least 4 weeks allows the immune system to properly process and respond to the initial dose before receiving the second dose. Administering the second dose too soon may result in a weaker immune response and decreased effectiveness of the vaccine. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are not in line with the recommended minimum interval for effective vaccination.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Target/client list is most useful as it provides a comprehensive list of clients in long-term regimens. Step 2: It allows for easy monitoring of individual progress and adherence to treatment plans. Step 3: Tally report (A) only provides a count, lacking specific client information. Step 4: Output report (B) may not include all necessary client details. Step 5: Individual health record (D) is specific to one client, not ideal for overall monitoring.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it exemplifies intersectoral linkages by showcasing collaboration between different sectors (public health and education). This cooperation enables sharing of resources, expertise, and information to address broader community health needs. Choice A focuses on a single-sector referral system, Choice B emphasizes teamwork within the same sector, and Choice C highlights endorsement within a specific profession, all lacking the cross-sector collaboration seen in Choice D.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, under 5-year-old children. They are particularly vulnerable to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) due to their high nutritional needs for growth and development. Infants and young children have limited food intake capacity and are dependent on caregivers for proper nutrition. This age group is at a critical stage of growth, making them more susceptible to the negative impact of malnutrition on physical and cognitive development. Pregnant women and the elderly (choice A) have specific nutritional needs but are not as vulnerable to PEM as young children. Choices C and D are incorrect as 1-4-year-old children and school-age children have a lower risk of PEM compared to under 5-year-old children.