ATI LPN
Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Plicae Circularis and intestinal villi
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Plicae and villi enhance absorption surface area.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following organs has 3 layers of smooth muscle in its muscularis externa?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: stomach. The stomach has 3 layers of smooth muscle in its muscularis externa, known as the inner oblique, middle circular, and outer longitudinal layers. These layers help in the mechanical digestion of food by churning and mixing it with gastric juices. Rationale: 1. Small intestine (A): The small intestine has 2 layers of smooth muscle in its muscularis externa, not 3. 2. Esophagus (B): The esophagus has 2 layers of smooth muscle in its muscularis externa, not 3. 3. Large intestine (D): The large intestine has 2 layers of smooth muscle in its muscularis externa, not 3.
Question 3 of 5
Why is most food digested?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because most ingested food molecules are large and need to be broken down into smaller molecules for absorption. This allows for efficient nutrient uptake in the body. Choice A is incorrect because digestive enzymes can still function with a specific substrate. Choice B is incorrect as digestion is not primarily for balancing the diet. Choice D is incorrect as the main purpose of digestion is not to prevent disorders of the intestine but to break down food for absorption.
Question 4 of 5
During abdominal surgery, immobilization of the patient's intestines is often desirable. Which of the following types of medications would be most effective at immobilizing the intestines?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, an anticholinergic medication. Anticholinergics inhibit the action of acetylcholine, which is responsible for stimulating intestinal motility. By blocking this stimulation, anticholinergic medications can effectively immobilize the intestines during surgery. Choice A, cholinergic medication, would have the opposite effect by increasing intestinal activity. Choice B, antiadrenergic medication, does not directly affect intestinal motility. Choice D is incorrect as both cholinergic and anticholinergic medications cannot be effective at immobilizing the intestines simultaneously.
Question 5 of 5
The is a muscular tube that passes food from the mouth to the stomach.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: esophagus. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach, allowing food to pass through for digestion. It does not have a role in breathing (like the trachea), nor is it part of the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx). The epiglottis is a flap that covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway, but it doesn't transport food to the stomach. Therefore, the esophagus is the correct answer as it specifically functions to pass food from the mouth to the stomach.