Place the following steps for normal inhalation in order: (1) decrease in intrapleural pressure to 754 mmHg (from -4 mmHg to -6 mmHg). (2) flow of air from higher to lower pressure (inhalation). (3) lung size increases. (4) decrease in intra-alveolar pressure to 759 mmHg (-1 mmHg). (5) contraction of the diaphragm + external intercostals muscles

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Inhalation sequence: (5) Diaphragm and intercostals contract, expanding the thorax. (1) Intrapleural pressure drops from -4 mmHg (756 mmHg) to -6 mmHg (754 mmHg), increasing transpulmonary pressure. (3) Lungs expand. (4) Intra-alveolar pressure falls to 759 mmHg (-1 mmHg) per Boyle's law, creating a gradient. (2) Air flows in. Order 5,1,3,4,2 reflects causality: muscle action lowers IPP, expands lungs, drops alveolar pressure, drives airflow. Others disrupt e.g., 5,2,3,4,1 puts flow before pressure; 1,3,4,5,2 starts without muscle action. This aligns with respiratory mechanics, ensuring logical progression for tidal breathing (~500 ml).

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The lateral nasal wall receives sensory innervation from trigeminal branches. The anterior ethmoidal nerve (A, V1) supplies the anterior upper part, the anterior palatine (C, greater palatine, V2) the posterior lower part, and the posterior superior lateral nasal nerve (D, V2) the posterior upper region. The posterior ethmoidal nerve (B, V1) innervates the posterior ethmoidal sinuses and upper nasal septum, not the lateral wall, which is served by other branches. Its role is sinus-specific, making B the exception.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Terminal bronchioles (B) lack goblet cells, lined by simple cuboidal with club cells, unlike olfactory (A, specialized), epiglottis (C), and false cords (D). B is the exception.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Neural crest cells, an ectodermal derivative, give rise to melanocytes (A), Schwann cells (B), and adrenal medulla (D). Melanocytes produce pigment, Schwann cells myelinate peripheral nerves, and the adrenal medulla forms chromaffin cells for adrenaline. Pia mater (C), the innermost meninges, derives from neural tube mesenchyme (possibly mesodermal or ectodermal, but not neural crest). Neural crest contributes to peripheral nervous system and pigment cells, not central meninges. C is the exception its origin outside neural crest lineage distinguishes it from the others.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Primary oocytes are surrounded by zona pellucida (A) and enter meiosis I prenatally (B), arresting until puberty. Meiosis I completes at ovulation (not puberty, C), forming a secondary oocyte, which completes meiosis II post-fertilization (D). C is false meiosis I finishes at ovulation, not puberty, making it the exception.