Physical Signs indicative of poor nutrition are all, except

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Poor nutrition manifests in physical signs like dental caries (tooth decay), brittle hair (protein deficiency), and spongy gums (vitamin C deficiency). A deep red tongue with papillae is normal, not a malnutrition sign pallor or smoothness might indicate deficiency (e.g., B12). Nurses assess these cues to identify nutritional deficits, guiding dietary interventions to reverse symptoms and prevent complications like infection or delayed healing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hyperventilation lowers CO2, causing respiratory alkalosis, which binds calcium (hypocalcemia) and lowers phosphate (hypophosphatemia), risking seizures. Hyperphosphatemia doesn't occur phosphate drops with alkalosis. Nurses manage breathing rates, correcting pH and electrolytes to prevent tetany or convulsions, understanding these metabolic shifts.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: For a nursing diagnosis of diarrhea, the goal should target symptom resolution, making 'The patient will experience a decreased frequency of bowel elimination' most appropriate. It's specific (frequency reduction), measurable (counting episodes), and addresses the core issue excessive stools aiming for normalcy. Taking anti-diarrheal medication is an intervention, not a goal, as it's a means to an end, not the outcome itself. Collecting a stool specimen supports diagnosis but doesn't resolve diarrhea. Saving urine is irrelevant, as diarrhea involves bowel, not urinary, function. The chosen goal aligns with patient comfort and health restoration, following SMART criteria, guiding nursing actions like hydration or diet adjustments, and providing a clear benchmark for evaluation, essential for effective care planning.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nursing theory revolves around four major concepts: person (the client), environment (external influences), nursing (the profession's actions), and health (the client's well-being). These form a metaparadigm, a foundational framework for models like Roy's Adaptation or Orem's Self-Care, guiding practice and research. Promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative are health care approaches, not core theoretical concepts specific to intervention types, not theory's essence. Nurse, person, environment, care swaps 'health' for 'care,' diluting the holistic focus; 'nursing' encompasses care broadly. Person, environment, theory, health replaces 'nursing' with 'theory,' confusing the framework with its product. The quartet of person, environment, nursing, and health unifies nursing's domain, ensuring theories address the client, their context, the nurse's role, and desired outcomes, making it the widely accepted answer in nursing scholarship.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: For a 4-month-old infant, chest compressions use two fingers (index and middle) on the sternum, just below the nipple line, per pediatric CPR guidelines (e.g., AHA). This delivers 1.5-inch depth at 100-120 beats per minute, suitable for an infant's small, fragile chest, minimizing injury. Both hands suit adults, overwhelming an infant's frame, risking rib fractures. The heel of one hand applies for children over 1 year, too forceful here. The palm of one hand lacks precision, potentially misplacing pressure. Two fingers balance force and control, ensuring effective circulation during cardiac arrest while protecting the infant's delicate anatomy, making it the standard technique in neonatal resuscitation.