Period of nursing where religious Christian orders emerged to take care of the sick

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Apprentice Period (6th-19th centuries) saw Christian orders like the Sisters of Charity emerge to nurse the sick, driven by faith e.g., tending plague victims. Unlike Dark (decline), Contemporary (modern), or Educative (formal schools), this era blended religious duty with care, laying nursing's compassionate foundation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cleaning from stem to bulb least to most contaminated follows medical asepsis e.g., wiping away from the anus-exposed tip. Bulb-to-stem spreads germs; other options are illogical. Nurses use this e.g., alcohol wipes per infection control, preventing cross-contamination.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The stethoscope bell auscultates low-frequency Korotkoff sounds e.g., tapping in BP unlike the diaphragm (high-frequency). Pulse +4 (bounding), +1 (weak), and sound pitch (low) differ. Nurses use this e.g., bell placement for clear readings, per auscultation technique.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Myra Levine's Conservation Model (1960s) outlines four principles energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, social integrity to maintain wholeness. For example, conserving energy via rest aids a fatigued patient's recovery. Leininger's cultural care, Orlando's patient needs, and Parse's existential focus differ. Levine's framework guides nurses to preserve patient unity e.g., protecting skin integrity impacting holistic strategies in acute and chronic care settings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Dark Period (16th-18th centuries) began with Luther's 1517 Reformation e.g., closing church hospitals challenging Catholicism. Unlike Apprentice (religious care), Contemporary (modern), or Educative (training), this era saw nursing decline as secular forces took over, a low point before its professional resurgence.