People with phenylketonuria should avoid foods made with which nonnutritive sweetener?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: People with phenylketonuria should avoid aspartame because it contains phenylalanine, which they cannot metabolize. Acesulfame-K, saccharin, and sucralose do not contain phenylalanine and are safe for individuals with phenylketonuria. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Acesulfame-K, saccharin, and sucralose are incorrect choices because they do not pose a risk for individuals with phenylketonuria due to the absence of phenylalanine in their composition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Lipids are carried in the bloodstream in the form of lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are complexes of proteins and lipids that transport fats to various parts of the body. While micelles, glycolipids, and lecithin are all related to lipid metabolism, they are not the primary carriers of lipids in the bloodstream. Micelles are small lipid clusters in the intestines, glycolipids are lipids with a carbohydrate attached, and lecithin is a type of phospholipid. Therefore, lipoproteins are the correct answer as they are specifically designed for transporting lipids through the bloodstream.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Breast. Lactose is synthesized in the breast during lactation to produce breastmilk. The liver is responsible for various metabolic functions but does not synthesize lactose. The kidney's primary role is in filtering blood and regulating electrolytes, not lactose synthesis. The pancreas is involved in producing digestive enzymes and insulin, not lactose synthesis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer to the question is option D) Short chain fatty acids. Short chain fatty acids are the most water-soluble and easily absorbed into the bloodstream compared to very long, long, and medium chain fatty acids. Short chain fatty acids are typically found in foods like dairy products and some plant-based sources. These fatty acids have fewer carbon atoms (2-6) compared to long chain fatty acids. Due to their shorter chain length, they are more water-soluble and can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the intestinal lining. Long chain fatty acids, on the other hand, require additional processing like emulsification and formation of micelles to be absorbed. Very long chain fatty acids are even less water-soluble and need even more processing for absorption. Medium chain fatty acids are relatively more water-soluble than long chain fatty acids but are still not as easily absorbed as short chain fatty acids. In the context of nursing and healthcare, understanding the differences in fatty acid chain lengths is crucial for providing appropriate dietary recommendations to patients. Nurses need to be able to assess and educate patients on the types of fats that are easily absorbed and utilized by the body to promote overall health and well-being. Knowledge of nutrition, including the absorption of different nutrients, is an essential component of holistic patient care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'mostly found in animal products.' Saturated fats are primarily found in animal products such as meat, dairy, and eggs. They are typically solid at room temperature. Choice B is incorrect because saturated fats are solid at room temperature, not liquid. Choice C is incorrect because saturated fats do not have double bonds; they have single bonds between carbon atoms. Choice D is incorrect because saturated fats are mainly found in animal products, not vegetable products.