ATI LPN
Questions About the Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
People with irritable bowel syndrome often suffer with:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Diarrhoea and constipation. Individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can experience alternating episodes of diarrhoea and constipation. This is due to the dysfunction in the gut-brain axis, leading to abnormal contractions in the intestines. Symptoms vary among individuals and can include bloating, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits. Diarrhoea and constipation are common manifestations of IBS, affecting different individuals at different times. This makes option C the correct choice. Option A (Diarrhoea) and Option D (Constipation) are incorrect because IBS is characterized by both diarrhoea and constipation, not just one or the other. Option B (Urinary tract infections) is unrelated to IBS symptoms and is not a common manifestation of the condition.
Question 2 of 5
A child undergoing chemotherapy treatment has the following laboratory values: Absolute neutrophil count of 400 mm3; Hematocrit (HCT) 32%; Platelet Count 150,000 per microliter; Serum Potassium 4.5 mmol/L. The pediatric nurse correctly determines that the child is at risk for:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Infection. A low Absolute neutrophil count indicates neutropenia, which increases the risk of infection due to decreased ability to fight off pathogens. Hematocrit and Platelet Count are within normal range, so anemia and bleeding are not immediate concerns. Serum Potassium level is normal, ruling out cardiac arrest risk. Therefore, the child is at highest risk for infection due to neutropenia.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a child with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which is a priority intervention for this child?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintenance of skin integrity. In DIC, widespread clotting leads to depletion of clotting factors and platelets, causing bleeding. Maintaining skin integrity helps prevent skin breakdown and potential bleeding complications. Frequent ambulation (A) is not a priority as it may increase the risk of bleeding. Radiograph procedures (C) are not a priority in the immediate care of DIC. Monitoring fluid restriction (D) is not the priority as maintaining skin integrity takes precedence in DIC management.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child who is postoperative following surgical removal of a Wilms’ tumor. Which of the following assessments is an indication to continue NPO status?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Absent bowel sounds. Following surgical removal of a Wilms' tumor, absent bowel sounds indicate potential postoperative ileus, which can lead to complications if oral intake is resumed prematurely. Absence of bowel sounds may suggest a lack of peristalsis and require continued NPO status to prevent complications. A: Abdominal girth 1 cm larger than yesterday may indicate fluid retention or bloating, but it does not specifically warrant continued NPO status. B: Report of pain at the operative site is expected postoperatively and does not necessarily require NPO status. D: Passing of flatus every 30 min indicates bowel function and is a positive sign for resuming oral intake.
Question 5 of 5
A child with a brain tumor is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) after brain surgery to remove the tumor. Which postoperative order would the nurse question?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sodium levels every 24 hours. The nurse would question this order because monitoring sodium levels every 24 hours is not usually necessary postoperatively for a child with a brain tumor. Brain surgery and tumor removal may not specifically impact sodium levels, making this monitoring less relevant. Antibiotics are commonly prescribed after brain surgery to prevent infection (A), anticonvulsants may be needed to prevent seizures (C), and monitoring intake and output is essential for assessing hydration status and kidney function (D). Monitoring sodium levels every 24 hours is not a standard postoperative practice for this situation.