Patient with suspected viral hemorrhagic fever and tick bite. Most possible causative agent?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Crimean Congo virus. This virus is known to cause viral hemorrhagic fever and can be transmitted through tick bites. The other options, Hantavirus and Rift Valley virus, are not typically associated with tick bites. Marburg virus is also a viral hemorrhagic fever but is not commonly transmitted through tick bites. Therefore, based on the patient's presentation and potential exposure history, Crimean Congo virus is the most likely causative agent.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, G6PD deficiency. Sulfonamides can induce oxidative stress, leading to hemolysis in individuals with G6PD deficiency due to impaired red blood cell protection against oxidative damage. Sickle cell disease (A), thalassemia minor (B), and hereditary spherocytosis (C) do not predispose individuals to sulfonamide-induced hemolysis as they do not involve oxidative stress as a primary pathophysiological mechanism.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The increased presence of neutrophils, bands, basophils, eosinophils, and platelets suggests Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML). In CML, there is a high proliferation of myeloid cells leading to an increase in these cell types. Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils are myeloid cells, and their elevated levels are characteristic of CML. Bands are immature neutrophils also seen in CML. Platelets can be increased due to the bone marrow's overproduction of cells. Acute myeloid leukemia (Choice A) typically presents with blasts, not mature cells like in this scenario. Acute lymphoid leukemia (Choice B) involves the overproduction of lymphoid cells, not myeloid cells as seen here. LAP score is typically low in CML, not high as in Choice D.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Unintact skin. Intact skin serves as a physical barrier protecting the body from pathogens. When the skin is not intact (broken or wounded), it loses its protective function, making it unable to effectively protect body surfaces. Therefore, unintact skin does not protect body surfaces. A: Mucus helps trap and remove pathogens from the respiratory and digestive systems. C: Gastric acid kills ingested pathogens in the stomach. D: Epithelial surface cilia help move mucus and trapped pathogens out of the respiratory system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Malaria. Autoimmune diseases are conditions where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells. Malaria, on the other hand, is caused by a parasite transmitted through mosquito bites and does not involve the immune system attacking the body. Pernicious anemia, Grave's disease, and Hashimoto's disease are all autoimmune diseases where the immune system targets specific tissues or organs in the body. Therefore, A is the correct answer as it does not fit the definition of an autoimmune disease, unlike the other choices.