Patient's rights are derived from the principle of

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Patient rights stem from autonomy, the ethical principle granting individuals control over their medical decisions. 'Autonomy,' is correct because it underpins rights like informed consent, as per Beauchamp and Childress' Principles of Biomedical Ethics, emphasizing self-determination. 'Fidelity,' is loyalty to commitments, not rights' source. 'Veracity,' is truthfulness, supporting autonomy but not foundational. 'Confidentiality,' protects privacy, a right derived from autonomy, not its origin. Autonomy's primacy in healthcare ethics—allowing patients to choose or refuse treatment—makes D the precise answer, aligning with legal and ethical standards like the Patient Bill of Rights.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Suxamethonium (succinylcholine) is a muscle relaxant used in anesthesia. 'Depolarizing muscle relaxant,' is correct because it mimics acetylcholine, causing persistent depolarization and paralysis, per pharmacology texts (e.g., Katzung). 'Non depolarizing muscle relaxant,' (e.g., rocuronium) competes with acetylcholine, not depolarizes. 'Induction agent,' (e.g., propofol) induces unconsciousness, not relaxation. 'Reversal agent,' (e.g., neostigmine) counters non-depolarizing agents, not suxamethonium. Its depolarizing mechanism, ideal for rapid intubation, makes A the accurate answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nursing research aims to enhance practice and knowledge, not profit. 'Professional credibility and profit making,' is correct as the exception; profit isn't a goal, though credibility is, per nursing research texts (e.g., Polit & Beck). 'Professional advancement...,' supports career growth. 'Promotion of evidenced based nursing practice,' improves care quality. 'Development of critical thinking...,' fosters skills. Profit-making's commercial focus clashes with nursing's patient-centered ethos, making A the inaccurate goal.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The research process encompasses all stages of a study. 'Steps followed in carrying out a research,' is correct, covering problem identification to analysis, per research frameworks (e.g., Creswell). 'Analysis and presentation...,' is one phase. 'Identification and description...,' is the start only. 'Research design,' is a component. The holistic scope of A captures the full process, making it the precise answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Stroke volume (SV) is the blood pumped per beat, influenced by preload (ventricular filling). 'Preload,' is correct, per Frank-Starling law (e.g., Costanzo's Physiology). 'Postload,' is a misnomer; afterload resists SV. 'Cardiac output,' is SV × HR, not a determinant. 'Cardiac overload,' is vague. Preload's direct effect on SV makes A the accurate answer.