Pallor, fatigue, koilonychias, cheilosis. Not expected lab finding?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A - Low TIBC Rationale: - Pallor, fatigue, koilonychias, and cheilosis are symptoms of iron deficiency anemia. - Low TIBC is not an expected lab finding in iron deficiency anemia. - TIBC measures the total amount of iron that can be carried in the blood by transferrin. In iron deficiency anemia, TIBC is typically elevated, not low. - High serum transferrin, low iron:TIBC ratio, and low serum ferritin are all expected lab findings in iron deficiency anemia indicating low iron stores and increased iron-binding capacity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Schizonticidal activity. Artemisinin targets and kills the asexual blood stage of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, known as schizonts. This action helps in treating resistant falciparum malaria. Gametocidal activity (A) targets sexual stage parasites, preventing transmission but not directly treating the infection. Preventing hypnozoites (B) is specific to Plasmodium vivax and ovale, not falciparum. Sporontocidal activity (C) targets mosquito-stage parasites, which is not relevant for treating resistant falciparum malaria.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. IgM is the first immunoglobulin produced in primary immune response. 2. It is released by plasma cells when an antigen is encountered. 3. IgM is efficient in agglutination and complement activation. Summary of incorrect choices: A: IgA is mainly found in mucosal areas. C: IgE is involved in allergic reactions. D: IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the bloodstream.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Clopidogrel (Plavix). Clopidogrel is a platelet inhibitor that works by inhibiting the platelet activation and aggregation process. It specifically targets the ADP receptor on platelets, preventing them from clumping together. This action helps to prevent blood clots from forming, making it an effective antiplatelet medication. Enoxaparin (B) is a low molecular weight heparin that works by inhibiting factors Xa and IIa, making it an anticoagulant rather than a platelet inhibitor. Reteplase (C) is a thrombolytic agent that works by converting plasminogen to plasmin, aiding in the breakdown of blood clots. Warfarin (D) is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Infancy. Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders (PIDD) are typically diagnosed in infancy due to recurrent infections and failure to thrive. Infants with PIDD often exhibit severe and persistent infections, making diagnosis more apparent at this stage. In contrast, early childhood (A) and adolescence (C) are less common stages for PIDD diagnosis due to the immune system maturing and symptoms becoming more noticeable in infancy. Early adulthood (D) is also less common as PIDD is usually identified earlier in life.