Palliative sedation aims to achieve

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Palliative sedation intentionally reduces awareness to alleviate intractable distress (e.g., pain or dyspnea) when other treatments fail. While it manages symptoms and comforts, its primary aim is consciousness reduction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The case method model involves one nurse caring for one patient during a single shift, as described in this ICU scenario with a single patient in critical condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acute postoperative pain activates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to an increase in blood pressure due to vasoconstriction and elevated heart rate as part of the stress response. While heart rate typically increases (not decreases), respiratory rate may increase (not decrease) due to anxiety or discomfort, and temperature may rise later due to inflammation, the most immediate and consistent vital sign change is an increase in blood pressure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the hypopyretic (defervescence) phase, excessive sweating can lead to hypovolemia, causing low blood pressure, tachycardia (fast pulse), and cold limbs—signs of impending collapse. Chills occur during the chill phase, and flushing/sweating alone don’t indicate collapse.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bronchial asthma causes airway obstruction, leading to chest tightness, cyanosis (from hypoxia), and laborious exhalation (A) due to trapped air. Inspiration (B, D) is less affected than expiration in asthma; 'flatness' (C) is unclear and incorrect.