Pain receptors in the skin are typically classifie

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Question 1 of 5

Pain receptors in the skin are typically classified as which of the following?

A. Encapsulated nerve endings B. A single class of morphologically specialized receptors C. The same type of receptor that detects position sense D. Free nerve endings

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pain receptors (nociceptors) are free nerve endings, unencapsulated, and distinct from encapsulated receptors or position sense receptors. TMP13 p. 621

Question 2 of 5

Stimulation of which brain area can modulate the sensation of pain?

A. Superior olivary complex B. Locus ceruleus C. Periaqueductal gray area D. Amygdala

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The periaqueductal gray area modulates pain via the descending pain suppression system. TMP13 p. 625

Question 3 of 5

Which electrical event is characteristic of inhibitory synaptic interactions?

A. A neurotransmitter agent that selectively opens ligand-gated chloride channels is the basis for an inhibitory postsynaptic potential B. A neurotransmitter that selectively opens potassium channels will allow potassium to move into the cell C. Because the Nernst potential for chloride is about -70 mV, chloride ions tend to move out of the cell along its electrochemical gradient D. An increase in the extracellular sodium concentration usually leads directly to an inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Opening chloride channels causes hyperpolarization, characteristic of inhibition. TMP13 p. 589

Question 4 of 5

Which statement concerning synaptic transmission is correct?

A. When a specific population of synaptic terminals is spread over the considerable surface of a neuron, their collective effects cannot spatially summate and lead to initiation of an action potential B. Even if the successive discharges of an excitatory synapse occur sufficiently close in time, they cannot temporally summate and initiate an action potential C. A neuron is 'facilitated' when its membrane potential is moved in the less negative or depolarizing direction D. Even when rapidly stimulated by excitatory synaptic input for a prolonged period, neurons typically do not exhibit synaptic fatigue

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Facilitation occurs when the membrane potential depolarizes, nearing threshold. TMP13 p. 590

Question 5 of 5

A 25-year-old student with 20/20 vision looks up from his book to view his girlfriend sitting on the other side of the room. Which of the following is most likely to occur when the student changes his view from his book to his girlfriend?

A. Thicker lens, contraction of ciliary muscle B. Thicker lens, relaxation of ciliary muscle C. Thinner lens, contraction of ciliary muscle D. Thinner lens, relaxation of ciliary muscle

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Distant vision requires a thinner lens, achieved by ciliary muscle relaxation. TMP13 pp. 639-640

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Pain receptors in the skin are typically classified as which of the following?

Nurselytic

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