Oxygens percentage in the atmospheric air is __ that CO2 percentage and its solubility in solution (Example: Blood) is __ than CO2 solubility.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Oxygen's atmospheric percentage (21%) exceeds CO2's (0.04%) (B), but its solubility in blood (0.024 mL/mmHg/dL) is lower than CO2's (0.57 mL/mmHg/dL) . O2's higher presence drives diffusion (PIO2 ~150 mmHg vs. PICO2 ~0.3 mmHg), yet 98% binds hemoglobin dissolved O2 is minor (1.5% at PaO2 100 mmHg). CO2's solubility aids 10% dissolved transport, with 70% as HCO3-. B's contrast unlike A's reversal matches gas laws and physiology's transport mechanisms.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pneumothorax doesn't increase lung compliance. Lung collapses (Q11), thorax widens (A), reducing VC (C, < 4.8 L) and venous return (B, pressure loss, Q58). Compliance (~0.2 L/cm H2O) drops collapsed lung stiffens, not softens (D). A's expansion, B's cardiac effect, and C's volume loss align with air entry (0 mmHg intrapleural). D's increase unlike A's mechanics contradicts physiology's restrictive shift.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In hypoxia with hypercapnia (e.g., COPD), cautious oxygen via a Venturi device (A) is optimal. Hypercapnia reflects COâ‚‚ retention; high Oâ‚‚ (B) risks suppressing the hypoxic drive, worsening COâ‚‚ buildup and acidosis a danger in chronic respiratory failure. Intubation (C) is invasive, reserved for acute failure, not initial management. None' (D) ignores hypoxia's urgency. The Venturi mask delivers precise, low-flow Oâ‚‚ (e.g., 24-35%), correcting hypoxemia without over-oxygenation, balancing Oâ‚‚ saturation (e.g., 88-92%) and COâ‚‚ levels. This approach, rooted in respiratory physiology, prevents ventilatory depression, a key nursing consideration in titrating oxygen therapy for obstructive lung diseases.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Silicosis stems from silica dust (D) crystalline silicon dioxide from quartz or sand in mining, quarrying. Inhaled particles trigger macrophage activation, fibrosis, forming silicotic nodules. Coal (A) causes pneumoconiosis, not silicosis carbon-based. Silicates (B) are related but less fibrogenic. Iron (C) links to siderosis, benign. Beryllium causes berylliosis, distinct granulomas. Silica's unique pathogenicity scars lungs, reducing compliance, key in occupational lung disease diagnosis (e.g., CT showing nodules), guiding prevention like ventilation controls in at-risk workers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Most pulmonary metastases arise from glandular tissues (C e.g., breast, prostate, thyroid) adenocarcinomas favor hematogenous lung spread, forming cannonball lesions. GI (A) and GU (B) metastasize, but glandular primaries dominate (e.g., 40% breast). Pericardium (D) and brain rarely seed lungs reverse is commoner. This reflects vascular drainage, key in imaging (e.g., CT) and nursing for systemic therapy planning.