ATI LPN
Multiple Choice Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
One reason that pathogenic microorganisms have an advantage in the host they infect is because they:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because pathogenic microorganisms reproduce and evolve more rapidly than the host can eliminate them. This rapid reproduction and evolution allow the pathogens to adapt quickly to host defenses, leading to successful infection. Choice A and B are incorrect because previous exposure through natural exposure or vaccination does not necessarily give pathogens an advantage. Choice C is incorrect because pathogens typically weaken the host's immune response rather than strengthen it.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for someone with a low red blood cell (erythrocyte) count. The nurse explains the function of the erythrocyte is to (select ONE that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Erythrocytes carry oxygen bound to hemoglobin. This is correct as they transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues. Step 2: Erythrocytes also carry some carbon dioxide. This is the correct answer because they pick up carbon dioxide from the tissues and transport it to the lungs for exhalation. Step 3: Erythrocytes do not assist with clotting, which is primarily the role of platelets and certain proteins in the blood. Step 4: Erythrocytes do not assist with immunity, as that function is mainly carried out by white blood cells.
Question 3 of 5
Which nutrient is necessary for erythropoiesis? Select one that does not apply.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin C. Vitamin C is not necessary for erythropoiesis, the process of red blood cell production. Iron is essential for hemoglobin synthesis, Vitamin B12 is needed for DNA synthesis in red blood cells, and Folic acid is crucial for cell division and growth in erythropoiesis. Vitamin C plays a role in collagen production and immune function, but it is not directly involved in red blood cell formation.
Question 4 of 5
Which nursing care should be prioritized when caring for a patient recovering from a bone marrow biopsy? Select one that does not apply.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Administer sedatives. Administering sedatives is not a priority when caring for a patient recovering from a bone marrow biopsy because sedatives are not typically needed for this procedure. The priority nursing care should focus on assessing for excess bleeding (A), providing analgesics for pain relief (B), and monitoring vital signs (D) to ensure the patient's safety and recovery. Sedatives may not be necessary and could potentially mask important signs or symptoms that need immediate attention. Prioritizing the assessment for bleeding, pain management, and monitoring vital signs ensures the patient's well-being and identifies any complications early on.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following vein ligation and stripping for varicose veins. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Positioning the client supine with legs elevated helps promote venous return and reduce swelling in postoperative varicose veins. Elevating the legs assists in decreasing venous pressure, improving blood flow back to the heart. Keeping legs flat can lead to increased swelling and discomfort. Applying heat can exacerbate swelling and should be avoided. Immediate ambulation is not recommended initially postoperatively to prevent strain on the surgical site.