ATI LPN
Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
One of the following PFT values are consistent with both obstructive and restrictive lung diseases?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Decreased FEV1 (D) fits both obstructive (e.g., COPD) and restrictive (e.g., fibrosis) diseases. Obstructive: FEV1 drops (air trapping), FVC normal/low, ratio < 70%. Restrictive: FEV1 and FVC decrease, ratio ≥ 80% (Q1). RV rises in obstructive (Q13), falls in restrictive (A, false). TLC increases in obstructive, decreases in restrictive (B, false). Vascular resistance rises in restrictive (C, false, Q10). D's universal drop unlike A's specificity aligns with spirometry, per physiology.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following are air pollutants:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All (D) sulfur dioxide (A), ozone (B), carbon monoxide (C) are air pollutants. SOâ‚‚ from fossil fuels irritates airways, linked to bronchitis. Ozone, from photochemical smog, damages alveoli, worsening asthma. CO binds hemoglobin, causing hypoxia, not a direct lung irritant but systemic. Each contributes to respiratory morbidity e.g., COPD exacerbations key in environmental health nursing for patient education on exposure reduction.
Question 3 of 5
Match the following: 658. empyema
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Empyema pus in pleura often involves Pseudomonas aeruginosa (D), a gram-negative bacillus in nosocomial or post-pneumonia infections, requiring drainage/antibiotics. Friction rub (A) fits pleuritis. CHF (B) gives transudate. Duct rupture (C) is chylothorax. Bleb is pneumothorax. Pseudomonas's purulence distinguishes empyema, key in nursing for chest tube management.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has hypochromic microcytic red blood cells with some target cells. The spleen is somewhat enlarged. The reticulocyte count is 9%. The following procedure is most likely give the definitive diagnosis:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypochromic microcytic RBCs, target cells, splenomegaly, and 9% reticulocytes suggest thalassemia hemoglobin electrophoresis (C) confirms (e.g., HbAâ‚‚ >3.5%). Serum iron (A) differentiates iron deficiency (normal here). Marrow exam (B) shows erythroid hyperplasia, not specific. Fragility (D) fits spherocytosis. Serum electrophoresis is proteins, not Hb. Electrophoresis pinpoints Hb variants, key in nursing for genetic diagnosis and family screening.
Question 5 of 5
Pernicious anemia is associated with all of the following, except:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pernicious anemia lacks normal intrinsic factor (B) autoimmune gastric atrophy blocks IF, causing B12 deficiency (D), yielding macrocytic anemia (E MCV >100 fL), sore tongue (A glossitis), and neuropathy (C subacute combined degeneration). B's normality negates the disease, key in nursing for Schilling test and B12 injections.